often used to denote an obligation or direction to do some act; however, it is sometimes considered to be permissive where it is necessary to give effect to the intent of the word, and to mean the same as the word "may"
what if a complaint is filed by parties who are not named in the summons
- 1/22/26 | Anonymous User 024-***-***041
TBD
I'm not sure, but I suspect that the courts will accept it. Of course, such a lawsuit would run into issues of "Standing". Here are some resources that might help:¹
Rule 4 Fed. R. Civ. P.