The West Virginia Constitution
| Passage | Title |
|---|---|
| Entire Article | Introduction to the West Virginia Constitution |
| Preamble | The Preamble to the West Virginia Constitution |
| Passage | Title |
|---|---|
| Entire Article | Article I (Relations to the US Government) |
| Art. I §1 | Relations to the Government of the United States |
| Art. I §2 | Internal Government and Police |
| Art. I §3 | Continuity of Constitutional Operation |
| Art. I §4 | Representatives to Congress |
| Passage | Title |
|---|---|
| Entire Article | Article II (The State) |
| Art. II §1 | The State |
| Art. II §2 | Powers of Government in Citizens |
| Art. II §3 | Requisites of Citizenship |
| Art. II §4 | Equal Representation |
| Art. II §5 | Provisions Regarding Property |
| Art. II §6 | Treason, What Constitutes -- Penalty |
| Art. II §7 | "Montani Semper Liberi" -- State Seal |
| Art. II §8 | Writs, Commissions, Official Bonds -- Indictments |
| Passage | Title |
|---|---|
| Entire Article | Article III (Bill of Rights) |
| Art. III §1 | Bill of Rights |
| Art. III §2 | Magistrates Servants of People |
| Art. III §3 | Rights Reserved to People |
| Art. III §4 | Writ of Habeas Corpus |
| Art. III §5 | Excessive Bail Not Required |
| Art. III §6 | Unreasonable Searches and Seizures Prohibited |
| Art. III §7 | Freedom of Speech and Press Guaranteed |
| Art. III §8 | Relating to Civil Suits for Libel |
| Art. III §9 | Private Property, How Taken |
| Art. III §10 | Safeguards for Life, Liberty and Property |
| Art. III §11 | Political Tests Condemned |
| Art. III §12 | Military Subordinate to Civil Power |
| Art. III §13 | Right of Jury Trial |
| Art. III §14 | Trials of Crimes -- Provisions in Interest of Accused |
| Art. III §15 | Religious Freedom Guaranteed |
| Art. III §15a | Voluntary Contemplation, Meditation or Prayer in Schools |
| Art. III §16 | Right of Public Assembly Held Inviolate |
| Art. III §17 | Courts Open to All -- Justice Administered Speedily |
| Art. III §18 | Conviction Not to Work Corruption of Blood or Forfeiture |
| Art. III §19 | Hereditary Emoluments, etc, Provided Against |
| Art. III §20 | Preservation of Free Government |
| Art. III §21 | Jury Service for Women |
| Art. III §22 | Right to Keep and Bear Arms |
| Passage | Title |
|---|---|
| Entire Article | Article IV (Election & Officers) |
| Art. IV §1 | Election and Officers |
| Art. IV §2 | Mode of Voting by Ballot |
| Art. IV §3 | Voter Not Subject to Arrest on Civil Process |
| Art. IV §4 | Persons Entitled to Hold Office -- Age Requirements |
| Art. IV §5 | Oath or Affirmation to Support the Constitution |
| Art. IV §6 | Provisions for Removal of Officials |
| Art. IV §7 | General Elections, When Held -- Terms of Officials |
| Art. IV §8 | Further Provisions Regarding State’s Officers and Agents |
| Art. IV §9 | Impeachment of Officials |
| Art. IV §10 | Fighting of Duels Prohibited |
| Art. IV §11 | Safeguards for Ballots |
| Art. IV §12 | Registration Laws Provided For |
| Passage | Title |
|---|---|
| Entire Article | Article V (Division of Powers) |
| Art. V §1 | Division of Powers |
| Passage | Title |
|---|---|
| Entire Article | Article VI (The Legislature) |
| Art. VI §1 | The Legislature |
| Art. VI §2 | Composition of Senate and House of Delegates |
| Art. VI §3 | Senators and Delegates -- Terms of Office |
| Art. VI §4 | Division of State into Senatorial Districts |
| Art. VI §5 | Senatorial Districts Designated |
| Art. VI §6 | Provision for Delegate Representation |
| Art. VI §7 | After Census, Delegate Apportionment |
| Art. VI §8 | Designation of Delegate Districts |
| Art. VI §9 | Further Apportionments |
| Art. VI §10 | Arrangement of Senatorial and Delegate Districts |
| Art. VI §11 | Additional Territory May be Admitted into State |
| Art. VI §12 | Senators and Delegates Required to be Residents of Districts |
| Art. VI §13 | Eligibility to Seat in Legislature |
| Art. VI §14 | Bribery Conviction Forfeits Eligibility |
| Art. VI §15 | Senators and Delegates Not to Hold Civil Office for Profit |
| Art. VI §16 | Oath of Senators and Delegates |
| Art. VI §17 | Members of Legislature Privileged from Civil Arrest |
| Art. VI §18 | Time and Place of Assembly of Legislature |
| Art. VI §19 | Convening of Legislature by Governor |
| Art. VI §20 | Seat of Government |
| Art. VI §21 | Provisions for Assembling of Legislature Other Than at the Seat of Government |
| Art. VI §22 | Length of Legislative Session |
| Art. VI §23 | Concerning Adjournment |
| Art. VI §24 | Rules Governing Legislative Proceedings |
| Art. VI §25 | Authority to Punish Members |
| Art. VI §26 | Provisions for Undisturbed Transaction of Business |
| Art. VI §27 | Accounting for State Moneys |
| Art. VI §28 | Origination of Bills |
| Art. VI §29 | Requirement for Reading of Bills |
| Art. VI §30 | Acts to Embrace but One Object -- Time of Effect |
| Art. VI §31 | How Bills May be Amended |
| Art. VI §32 | "Majority" Defined |
| Art. VI §33 | Compensation and Expenses of Members |
| Art. VI §34 | Distribution of Laws and Journals Provided for --Contracts for Printing |
| Art. VI §35 | State Not to be Made Defendant in Any Court |
| Art. VI §36 | Lotteries; Bingo; Raffles; County Option |
| Art. VI §37 | Terms of Office Not to be Extended After Election |
| Art. VI §38 | Salaries of Officials Cannot be Increased During Official Terms |
| Art. VI §39 | Local Laws Not to be Passed in Enumerated Cases |
| Art. VI §39a | Home Rule for Municipalities |
| Art. VI §40 | Limiting Powers of Court or Judge |
| Art. VI §41 | Each House to Keep Journal of Proceedings |
| Art. VI §42 | Appropriation Bills to be Specific |
| Art. VI §43 | Board or Court of Registration of Voters Prohibited |
| Art. VI §44 | Election of Legislative, County and Municipal Officers |
| Art. VI §45 | Bribery and Attempt to Bribe -- Punishment |
| Art. VI §46 | Manufacture and Sale of Liquor |
| Art. VI §47 | Incorporation of Religious Denominations Prohibited |
| Art. VI §48 | Homestead Exemption |
| Art. VI §49 | Property of Married Woman |
| Art. VI §50 | Plan of Proportional Representation |
| Art. VI §51 | Budget and Supplementary Appropriation Bills |
| Art. VI §52 | Revenues Applicable to Roads |
| Art. VI §53 | Forestry Amendment |
| Art. VI §54 | Continuity of Government Amendment |
| Art. VI §55 | Revenues and Properties Applicable to Fish and Wildlife Conservation |
| Art. VI §56 | Revenues Applicable to Nongame Wildlife Resources in the State |
| Art. VI §57 | No Constitutional Right to Abortion |
| Passage | Title |
|---|---|
| Entire Article | Article VII (Executive Department) |
| Art. VII §1 | Executive Department |
| Art. VII §2 | Election |
| Art. VII §3 | Certification of Election Returns -- Contests |
| Art. VII §4 | Eligibility |
| Art. VII §5 | Chief Executive -- Powers |
| Art. VII §6 | Governor’s Message |
| Art. VII §7 | Extraordinary Legislative Sessions |
| Art. VII §8 | Governor to Nominate Certain Officers |
| Art. VII §9 | Recess Vacancies -- How Filled |
| Art. VII §10 | Governor’s Power of Removal |
| Art. VII §11 | Executive May Remit Fines and Forfeitures |
| Art. VII §12 | Governor Commander-In-Chief of Military Forces |
| Art. VII §13 | Official Bond of State Officers |
| Art. VII §14 | Governor’s Approval or Disapproval of Bills Passed by the Legislature |
| Art. VII §15 | Governor’s Approval or Disapproval of Bills Making Appropriations of Money |
| Art. VII §16 | Vacancy in Governorship, How Filled |
| Art. VII §17 | Vacancies in Other Executive Departments |
| Art. VII §18 | Executive Heads to Make Reports |
| Art. VII §19 | Salaries of Officials |
| Passage | Title |
|---|---|
| Entire Article | Article VIII (Judicial Power) |
| Art. VIII §1 | Judicial Power |
| Art. VIII §2 | Supreme Court of Appeals |
| Art. VIII §3 | Supreme Court of Appeals; Jurisdiction and Powers; Officers and Employees; Terms |
| Art. VIII §4 | Writ of Error, Supersedeas and Appeal; Scope and Form of Decisions |
| Art. VIII §5 | Circuit Courts |
| Art. VIII §6 | Circuit Court; Jurisdiction, Authority and Power |
| Art. VIII §7 | General Provisions Relating to Justices, Judges, and Magistrates |
| Art. VIII §8 | Censure, Temporary Suspension and Retirement of Justices, Judges and Magistrates; Removal |
| Art. VIII §9 | Clerks of Circuit Courts |
| Art. VIII §10 | Magistrate Courts |
| Art. VIII §11 | Municipal Courts |
| Art. VIII §12 | Issuance and Execution of Writs, Warrants and Process; Admission to Bail |
| Art. VIII §13 | Parts of Existing Law Effective |
| Art. VIII §14 | Pending Causes; Transfer of Causes; Records |
| Art. VIII §15 | Offices Phased Out; Effective Date of Article; Certain Provisions to be Operable at Time Specified; Effect of Article on Certain Provisions of Constitution |
| Art. VIII §16 | Family Courts |
| Passage | Title |
|---|---|
| Entire Article | Article IX (County Organization) |
| Art. IX §1 | County Organization |
| Art. IX §2 | Constables, Coroners and Overseers of the Poor |
| Art. IX §3 | Sheriffs |
| Art. IX §4 | Malfeasance and Misfeasance in Office |
| Art. IX §5 | Commissioning of Officers Not Otherwise Provided For |
| Art. IX §6 | Compensation -- Deputies |
| Art. IX §7 | Conservators of the Peace |
| Art. IX §8 | Formation of New Counties |
| Art. IX §9 | County Commissions |
| Art. IX §10 | Terms of Office of County Commissioners |
| Art. IX §11 | Powers of County Commissions |
| Art. IX §12 | Clerk of County Commission |
| Art. IX §13 | Reformation of County Commissions |
| Passage | Title |
|---|---|
| Entire Article | Article X (Taxation & Finance) |
| Art. X §1 | Taxation and Finance |
| Art. X §1a | Exemptions from and Additional Adjustments to Ad Valorem Property Taxation |
| Art. X §1b | Property Tax Limitation and Homestead Exemption Amendment of 1982 |
| Art. X §1c | Exemption from Ad Valorem Taxation of Certain Personal Property of Inventory and Warehouse Goods, with Phase in to Full Exemption Over Five-Year Period |
| Art. X §2 | [Repealed] |
| Art. X §3 | Receipts and Expenditures of Public Moneys |
| Art. X §4 | Limitation on Contracting of State Debt |
| Art. X §5 | Power of Taxation |
| Art. X §6 | Credit of State Not to be Granted in Certain Cases |
| Art. X §6a | Appropriations and Taxation for the Benefit of Counties, Municipalities or Other Political Subdivisions of the State |
| Art. X §7 | Duties of County Authorities in Assessing Taxes |
| Art. X §8 | Bonded Indebtedness of Counties, etc |
| Art. X §8a | Issuance of Bonds or Other Obligations Payable from Property Taxes on Increases in Value Due to Economic Development or Redevelopment Projects in Counties and Municipalities |
| Art. X §9 | Municipal Taxes to be Uniform |
| Art. X §10 | School Levy and Bond Amendment |
| Art. X §11 | County and Municipal Excess Levy Amendment |
| Art. X §12 | Nonprofit Youth Organization Revenue Exemption |
| Passage | Title |
|---|---|
| Entire Article | Article XI (Corporations) |
| Art. XI §1 | Corporations |
| Art. XI §2 | Corporate Liability for Indebtedness |
| Art. XI §3 | Exclusive Privileges Prohibited |
| Art. XI §4 | Rights of Stockholders |
| Art. XI §5 | Street Railroads |
| Art. XI §6 | Banks |
| Art. XI §7 | Railroads |
| Art. XI §8 | Rolling Stock Considered Personal Property |
| Art. XI §9 | Railroads Public Highways |
| Art. XI §10 | Stations to be Established |
| Art. XI §11 | Competing Lines -- Legislative Permission |
| Art. XI §12 | Right of Eminent Domain |
| Passage | Title |
|---|---|
| Entire Article | Article XII (Education) |
| Art. XII §1 | Education |
| Art. XII §2 | Supervision of Free Schools |
| Art. XII §3 | County Superintendents |
| Art. XII §4 | Existing Permanent and Invested School Fund |
| Art. XII §5 | Support of Free Schools |
| Art. XII §6 | School Districts |
| Art. XII §7 | Levies for School Purposes |
| Art. XII §8 | [Repealed] |
| Art. XII §9 | Certain Acts Prohibited |
| Art. XII §10 | Creation of Independent Free School Districts |
| Art. XII §11 | Appropriation for State Normal Schools |
| Art. XII §12 | Legislature to Foster General School Improvements |
| Passage | Title |
|---|---|
| Entire Article | Article XIII (Land Titles) |
| Art. XIII §1 | Land Titles |
| Art. XIII §2 | Land Entry Prohibited |
| Art. XIII §3 | [Repealed] |
| Art. XIII §4 | [Repealed] |
| Art. XIII §5 | [Repealed] |
| Art. XIII §6 | [Repealed] |
| Passage | Title |
|---|---|
| Entire Article | Article XIV (Amendments) |
| Art. XIV §1 | Amendments |
| Art. XIV §2 | How Amendments Are Made |
| Passage | Title |
|---|---|
| Entire Article | Amendments to the West Virginia Constitution |
| Amendment 1 | The Judicial Amendment |
| Amendment 2 | The Irreducible School Fund Amendment |
| Amendment 3 | The Good Roads Amendment of 1920 |
| Amendment 4 | The Good Roads Amendment of 1928 |
| Amendment 5 | Fifty Million Dollar Bond Issue for Roads Amendment |
| Amendment 6 | Veterans Bonus Amendment |
| Amendment 7 | Korean Veterans Bonus Amendment |
| Amendment 8 | Better Roads Amendment |
| Amendment 9 | Roads Development Amendment |
| Amendment 10 | Better School Buildings Amendment |
| Amendment 11 | Better Highways Amendment |
| Amendment 12 | Vietnam Veterans Bonus Amendment |
| Amendment 13 | Qualified Veterans Housing Bonds Amendment |
| Amendment 14 | Veterans Bonus Amendment |
| Amendment 15 | Infrastructure Improvement |
| Amendment 16 | Safe Roads Amendment of 1996 |
| Amendment 17 | Veterans Bonus Amendment |
| Amendment 18 | Roads to Prosperity Amendment of 2017 |
You'll probably need to reference it during your pursuit of justice (in federal court; in state court; and/or at DOAH).
For instance, this material might help you recover from the damages that lawbreaking judges/lawyers/agencies/organizations have inflicted upon you [and/or the public] (see this example of a Florida judge who outright committed perjury).
Perhaps it'll [even] help you navigate through your state's administrative gauntlet. A gauntlet which might include – but not be limited to:
- Stage Agency Bribery;
- Stage Agency Corruption;
- Stage Agency Obstruction; and
- Stage Agency Self-Discrimination
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www.TextBookDiscrimination.com
