AMENDMENT 5 | TRIAL AND PUNISHMENT, COMPENSATION FOR TAKINGS

"In numerous decisions, this Court "has held that the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment forbids the Federal Government to deny equal protection of the laws. E.g., Hampton v. Mow Sun Wong, 426 U. S. 88, 426 U. S. 100 (1976); Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U. S. 1, 424 U. S. 93 (1976); Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld, 420 U. S. 636, 420 U. S. 638 n. 2 (1975); Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 U. S. 497, 347 U. S. 500 (1954)."..."

"The equal protection component of the Due Process Clause thus confers on petitioner a federal constitutional right to be free from gender discrimination which cannot meet these requirements..."

"It is equally clear, and the en banc Court of Appeals so held, that the Fifth Amendment confers on petitioner a constitutional right to be free from illegal discrimination."