Florida Constitution
Article 9: Government

ART. IX §1 | PUBLIC EDUCATION

(a) The education of children is a fundamental value of the people of the State of Florida. It is, therefore, a paramount duty of the state to make adequate provision for the education of all children residing within its borders. Adequate provision shall be made by law for a uniform, efficient, safe, secure, and high quality system of free public schools that allows students to obtain a high quality education and for the establishment, maintenance, and operation of institutions of higher learning and other public education programs that the needs of the people may require. To assure that children attending public schools obtain a high quality education, the legislature shall make adequate provision to ensure that, by the beginning of the 2010 school year, there are a sufficient number of classrooms so that:

(1) The maximum number of students who are assigned to each teacher who is teaching in public school classrooms for prekindergarten through grade 3 does not exceed 18 students;

(2) The maximum number of students who are assigned to each teacher who is teaching in public school classrooms for grades 4 through 8 does not exceed 22 students; and

(3) The maximum number of students who are assigned to each teacher who is teaching in public school classrooms for grades 9 through 12 does not exceed 25 students.

The class size requirements of this subsection do not apply to extracurricular classes. Payment of the costs associated with reducing class size to meet these requirements is the responsibility of the state and not of local schools districts. Beginning with the 2003-2004 fiscal year, the legislature shall provide sufficient funds to reduce the average number of students in each classroom by at least two students per year until the maximum number of students per classroom does not exceed the requirements of this subsection.

(b) Every four-year old child in Florida shall be provided by the State a high quality pre-kindergarten learning opportunity in the form of an early childhood development and education program which shall be voluntary, high quality, free, and delivered according to professionally accepted standards. An early childhood development and education program means an organized program designed to address and enhance each child’s ability to make age appropriate progress in an appropriate range of settings in the development of language and cognitive capabilities and emotional, social, regulatory and moral capacities through education in basic skills and such other skills as the Legislature may determine to be appropriate.

(c) The early childhood education and development programs provided by reason of subparagraph (b) shall be implemented no later than the beginning of the 2005 school year through funds generated in addition to those used for existing education, health, and development programs. Existing education, health, and development programs are those funded by the State as of January 1, 2002 that provided for child or adult education, health care, or development.

ART. IX §2 | STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION

The state board of education shall be a body corporate and have such supervision of the system of free public education as is provided by law. The state board of education shall consist of seven members appointed by the governor to staggered 4-year terms, subject to confirmation by the senate. The state board of education shall appoint the commissioner of education.

ART. IX §3 | TERMS OF APPOINTIVE BOARD MEMBERS

Members of any appointive board dealing with education may serve terms in excess of four years as provided by law.

ART. IX §4 | SCHOOL DISTRICTS; SCHOOL BOARDS

(a) Each county shall constitute a school district; provided, two or more contiguous counties, upon vote of the electors of each county pursuant to law, may be combined into one school district. In each school district there shall be a school board composed of five or more members chosen by vote of the electors in a nonpartisan election for appropriately staggered terms of four years, as provided by law.

(b) The school board shall operate, control and supervise all free public schools within the school district and determine the rate of school district taxes within the limits prescribed herein. Two or more school districts may operate and finance joint educational programs.

ART. IX §5 | SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS

In each school district there shall be a superintendent of schools who shall be elected at the general election in each year the number of which is a multiple of four for a term of four years; or, when provided by resolution of the district school board, or by special law, approved by vote of the electors, the district school superintendent in any school district shall be employed by the district school board as provided by general law. The resolution or special law may be rescinded or repealed by either procedure after four years.

ART. IX §6 | STATE SCHOOL FUND

The income derived from the state school fund shall, and the principal of the fund may, be appropriated, but only to the support and maintenance of free public schools.

ART. IX §7 | STATE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

(a) PURPOSES. In order to achieve excellence through teaching students, advancing research and providing public service for the benefit of Florida’s citizens, their communities and economies, the people hereby establish a system of governance for the state university system of Florida.

(b) STATE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM. There shall be a single state university system comprised of all public universities. A board of trustees shall administer each public university and a board of governors shall govern the state university system.

(c) LOCAL BOARDS OF TRUSTEES. Each local constituent university shall be administered by a board of trustees consisting of thirteen members dedicated to the purposes of the state university system. The board of governors shall establish the powers and duties of the boards of trustees. Each board of trustees shall consist of six citizen members appointed by the governor and five citizen members appointed by the board of governors. The appointed members shall be confirmed by the senate and serve staggered terms of five years as provided by law. The chair of the faculty senate, or the equivalent, and the president of the student body of the university shall also be members.

(d) STATEWIDE BOARD OF GOVERNORS. The board of governors shall be a body corporate consisting of seventeen members. The board shall operate, regulate, control, and be fully responsible for the management of the whole university system. These responsibilities shall include, but not be limited to, defining the distinctive mission of each constituent university and its articulation with free public schools and community colleges, ensuring the well-planned coordination and operation of the system, and avoiding wasteful duplication of facilities or programs. The board’s management shall be subject to the powers of the legislature to appropriate for the expenditure of funds, and the board shall account for such expenditures as provided by law. The governor shall appoint to the board fourteen citizens dedicated to the purposes of the state university system. The appointed members shall be confirmed by the senate and serve staggered terms of seven years as provided by law. The commissioner of education, the chair of the advisory council of faculty senates, or the equivalent, and the president of the Florida student association, or the equivalent, shall also be members of the board.

(e) FEES. Any proposal or action of a constituent university to raise, impose, or authorize any fee, as authorized by law, must be approved by at least nine affirmative votes of the members of the board of trustees of the constituent university, if approval by the board of trustees is required by general law, and at least twelve affirmative votes of the members of the board of governors, if approval by the board of governors is required by general law, in order to take effect. A fee under this subsection shall not include tuition.

ART. IX §8 | STATE COLLEGE SYSTEM

(a) PURPOSES. In order to achieve excellence and to provide access to undergraduate education to the students of this state; to originate articulated pathways to a baccalaureate degree; to ensure superior commitment to teaching and learning; and to respond quickly and efficiently to meet the demand of communities by aligning certificate and degree programs with local and regional workforce needs, the people hereby establish a system of governance for the state college system of Florida.

(b) STATE COLLEGE SYSTEM. There shall be a single state college system comprised of all public community and state colleges. A local board of trustees shall govern each state college system institution and the state board of education shall supervise the state college system.

(c) LOCAL BOARDS OF TRUSTEES. Each state college system institution shall be governed by a local board of trustees dedicated to the purposes of the state college system. A member of a board of trustees must be a resident of the service delivery area of the college. The powers and duties of the boards of trustees shall be provided by law. Each member shall be appointed by the governor to staggered 4-year terms, subject to confirmation by the senate.

(d) ROLE OF THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION. The state board of education shall supervise the state college system as provided by law.

ART. IX §1 | PUBLIC EDUCATION

ART. IX §2 | STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION

ART. IX §3 | TERMS OF APPOINTIVE BOARD MEMBERS

Members of any appointive board dealing with education may serve terms in excess of four years as provided by law.

ART. IX §4 | SCHOOL DISTRICTS; SCHOOL BOARDS

ART. IX §5 | SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS

ART. IX §6 | STATE SCHOOL FUND

The income derived from the state school fund shall, and the principal of the fund may, be appropriated, but only to the support and maintenance of free public schools.

ART. IX §7 | STATE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

ART. IX §8 | STATE COLLEGE SYSTEM

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Florida Constitution
Article 9: Government

ART. IX §1 | PUBLIC EDUCATION

ART. IX §2 | STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION

ART. IX §3 | TERMS OF APPOINTIVE BOARD MEMBERS

ART. IX §4 | SCHOOL DISTRICTS; SCHOOL BOARDS

ART. IX §5 | SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS

ART. IX §6 | STATE SCHOOL FUND

ART. IX §7 | STATE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

ART. IX §8 | STATE COLLEGE SYSTEM

ART. IX §1 | PUBLIC EDUCATION

ART. IX §2 | STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION

ART. IX §3 | TERMS OF APPOINTIVE BOARD MEMBERS

ART. IX §4 | SCHOOL DISTRICTS; SCHOOL BOARDS

ART. IX §5 | SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS

ART. IX §6 | STATE SCHOOL FUND

ART. IX §7 | STATE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

ART. IX §8 | STATE COLLEGE SYSTEM

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Florida ConstitutionArticle 9: Government

ART. IX §1 | PUBLIC EDUCATION

ART. IX §2 | STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION

ART. IX §3 | TERMS OF APPOINTIVE BOARD MEMBERS

ART. IX §4 | SCHOOL DISTRICTS; SCHOOL BOARDS

ART. IX §5 | SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS

ART. IX §6 | STATE SCHOOL FUND

ART. IX §7 | STATE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

ART. IX §8 | STATE COLLEGE SYSTEM

ART. IX §1 | PUBLIC EDUCATION

ART. IX §2 | STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION

ART. IX §3 | TERMS OF APPOINTIVE BOARD MEMBERS

ART. IX §4 | SCHOOL DISTRICTS; SCHOOL BOARDS

ART. IX §5 | SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS

ART. IX §6 | STATE SCHOOL FUND

ART. IX §7 | STATE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

ART. IX §8 | STATE COLLEGE SYSTEM

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