Rules Regulating the Florida Bar
Chapter 3
Rules of Discipline
Entire Chapter
3-1 | Chapter 3 Preamble
RULE 3-1.1 | PRIVILEGE TO PRACTICE
RULE 3-1.2 | PREAMBLE - GENERALLY
3-2 | Definitions
RULE 3-2.1 | DEFINITIONS - GENERALLY
(b) The Board or the Board of Governors. The board or the board of governors is the board of governors of The Florida Bar.
(c) Chief Branch Discipline Counsel. Chief branch discipline counsel is the counsel in charge of a branch office of The Florida Bar. Any counsel employed by The Florida Bar may serve as chief branch discipline counsel at the direction of the regularly assigned chief branch discipline counsel or staff counsel.
(d) Complainant or Complaining Witness. A complainant or any complaining witness is any person who has complained of the conduct of any member of The Florida Bar to any officer or agency of The Florida Bar.
(e) This Court or the Court. This court or the court is the Supreme Court of Florida.
(f) Court of this State. Court of this state is a state court authorized and established by the constitution or laws of the state of Florida.
(g) Designated Reviewer. The designated reviewer is a member of the board of governors responsible for review and other specific duties as assigned with respect to a particular grievance committee or matter. The designated reviewer for a special grievance committee will be selected by the president and approved by the board.
(h) Diversion to Practice and Professionalism Enhancement Programs. Diversion to practice and professionalism enhancement programs is removal of a disciplinary matter from the disciplinary system and placement of the matter in a skills enhancement program in lieu of a disciplinary sanction.
(i) Executive Committee. Executive committee is the executive committee of the board of governors of The Florida Bar.
(j) Executive Director. Executive Director is the executive director of The Florida Bar.
(k) Final Adjudication. Final adjudication is a decision by the authorized disciplinary authority or court issuing a sanction for professional misconduct that is not subject to judicial review except on direct appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States.
(l) Inquiry. Inquiry is a written communication received by bar counsel questioning the conduct of a member of The Florida Bar.
(m) Practice and Professionalism Enhancement Programs. Practice and professionalism enhancement programs are programs operated either as a diversion from disciplinary action or as a part of a disciplinary sanction that are intended to provide educational opportunities to members of the bar for enhancing skills and avoiding misconduct allegations.
(n) Probable Cause. Probable cause is a finding by an authorized agency that there is cause to believe that a member of The Florida Bar is guilty of misconduct justifying disciplinary action.
(o) Referral to Practice and Professionalism Enhancement Programs. Referral to practice and professionalism enhancement programs is placement of a lawyer in skills enhancement programs as a disciplinary sanction.
(p) Referee. Referee is a judge or retired judge appointed to conduct proceedings as provided under these rules.
(q) Respondent. Respondent is a member of The Florida Bar or a lawyer subject to these rules who is accused of misconduct or whose conduct is under investigation.
(r) Staff Counsel. Staff counsel is a lawyer employee of The Florida Bar designated by the executive director and authorized by these Rules Regulating The Florida Bar to approve formal complaints, conditional guilty pleas for consent judgments, and diversion recommendations and to make appointment of bar counsel.
3-3 | Jurisdiction to Enforce Rules
RULE 3-3.1 | SUPREME COURT OF FLORIDA; DISCIPLINARY AGENCIES
RULE 3-3.2 | BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FLORIDA BAR
(b) Authority to File a Formal Complaint. No formal complaint may be filed by The Florida Bar in disciplinary proceedings against a member of the bar unless 1 of the following conditions has been met:
(2) Emergency Suspension or Probation. A formal complaint may be filed if the member is the subject of an order of emergency suspension or emergency probation that is based on the same misconduct that is the subject matter of the formal complaint;
(3) Felony Determination or Adjudication. A formal complaint may be filed if the respondent has been determined or adjudged to be guilty of the commission of a felony;
(4) Discipline In Another Jurisdiction. A formal complaint may be filed if the respondent has been disciplined by another entity having jurisdiction over the practice of law;
(5) Felony Charges. A formal complaint may be filed if a member has been charged with commission of a felony under applicable law that warrants the imposition of discipline and if the chair of the grievance committee agrees. A decision of the grievance committee chair to not file a formal complaint must be reviewed by the full grievance committee. The grievance committee may affirm or reverse the decision.
(6) Discipline on Action of the Florida Judicial Qualifications Commission. A formal complaint may be filed if the Supreme Court of Florida has adjudged the respondent guilty of judicial misconduct in an action brought by the Florida Judicial Qualifications Commission, the respondent is no longer a judicial officer, and the facts warrant imposing disciplinary sanctions.
RULE 3-3.3 | COUNSEL FOR THE FLORIDA BAR
(b) Appointment of Bar Counsel. Staff counsel may designate members of The Florida Bar to serve as bar counsel to represent The Florida Bar in disciplinary proceedings.
(c) Appointment of Board Members Limited. A member of the board may represent The Florida Bar on any review proceeding under rule 3-7.7.
(d) Appointment of Grievance Committee Members Limited. A member of a grievance committee may represent the bar in any proceeding before a referee and any review by the supreme court under rule 3-7.7 if the case was not considered by the grievance committee on which the member serves.
(e) Compensation. Bar counsel may be compensated in accordance with budgetary policies adopted by the board.
RULE 3-3.4 | GRIEVANCE COMMITTEES
(b) Special Grievance Committees. The board may appoint grievance committees for the purpose of investigations or specific tasks assigned in accordance with these rules. These committees will continue only until the completion of tasks assigned, and they will have jurisdiction and power to proceed in all matters assigned to them. All provisions concerning grievance committees apply to special grievance committees except those concerning terms of office and other restrictions imposed by the board. Any vacancies occurring in such a committee will be filled by the board, and any changes in members will not affect the jurisdiction and power of the committee to proceed in all matters properly before it.
(c) Membership, Appointment, and Eligibility. Each grievance committee will be appointed by the board and must have at least 3 members. At least one-third of the committee members must be nonlawyers. All appointees must be of legal age and, except for special grievance committees, must be residents of the circuit or have their principal office in the circuit. The lawyer members of the committee must have been members of The Florida Bar for at least 5 years.
A member of a grievance committee must not perform any grievance committee function when that member:
(2) has a financial, business, property, or personal interest in the matter under consideration or with the complainant or respondent;
(3) has a personal interest that could be affected by the outcome of the proceedings or that could affect the outcome; or
(4) is prejudiced or biased toward either the complainant or the respondent.
(d) Terms. The terms of the members are for 1 year from the date of administration of the oath of service on the grievance committee or until their successors are appointed and qualified. Continuous service of a member may not exceed 3 years. A member may not be reappointed for a period of 3 years after the end of the member’s term; but, the expiration of a member’s term of service does not disqualify the member from concluding any investigation or participating in disposition of cases that were pending before the committee when the member’s term expired. A member who continues to serve on the grievance committee under the authority of this subdivision is not counted as a member of the committee when calculating the minimum number of public members required by this rule.
(e) Officers. The designated reviewer of the committee will designate a chair and vice-chair who must be members of The Florida Bar.
(f) Oath. Each new member of a committee must subscribe to an oath to fulfill the duties of the office. These oaths will be filed with the executive director and placed with the official records of The Florida Bar.
(g) Removal. The designated reviewer of a grievance committee or the board of governors may remove any member of a grievance committee from office.
(h) Grievance Committee Meetings. Grievance committees should meet at regularly scheduled times, at least once every 3 months, and either the chair or vice-chair may call special meetings. Grievance committees should meet at least monthly during any period when the committee has 1 or more pending cases assigned for investigation and report. The time, date, and place of regular monthly meetings should be set in advance by agreement between the committee and chief branch discipline counsel.
RULE 3-3.5 | CIRCUIT COURT JURISDICTION
3-4 | Standards of Conduct
RULE 3-4.1 | NOTICE AND KNOWLEDGE OF RULES; JURISDICTION OVER LAWYERS OF OTHER STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES
RULE 3-4.2 | RULES OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
RULE 3-4.3 | MISCONDUCT AND MINOR MISCONDUCT
RULE 3-4.4 | CRIMINAL MISCONDUCT
RULE 3-4.5 | REMOVAL FROM JUDICIAL OFFICE BY THE SUPREME COURT OF FLORIDA
When the Judicial Qualifications Commission files a recommendation that a judge be removed from office, The Florida Bar may seek leave to intervene in the proceedings before the Supreme Court of Florida. If intervention is granted, The Florida Bar may seek disciplinary action in the event the judge is removed by the court.
RULE 3-4.6 | DISCIPLINE BY FOREIGN OR FEDERAL JURISDICTION; CHOICE OF LAW
(b) Choice of Law. In any exercise of the disciplinary authority of this jurisdiction, the rules of professional conduct to be applied are as follows:
(2) for any other conduct, the rules of the jurisdiction in which the lawyer’s conduct occurred, or, if the predominant effect of the conduct is in a different jurisdiction, the rules of that jurisdiction will be applied to the conduct.
RULE 3-4.7 | OATH
RULE 3-4.8 | CONSENT AGREEMENTS
3-5 | Types of Discipline
RULE 3-5.1 | TYPES OF DISCIPLINE - GENERALLY
(b) Minor Misconduct. Minor misconduct is the only type of misconduct for which an admonishment is an appropriate disciplinary sanction.
(B) the misconduct resulted in or is likely to result in actual prejudice (loss of money, legal rights, or valuable property rights) to a client or other person;
(C) the misconduct resulted in or is likely to result in actual or potential injury to the public or the legal system;
(D) the respondent has been publicly disciplined in the past 3 years;
(E) the misconduct involved is of the same nature as misconduct for which the respondent has been disciplined in the past 5 years;
(F) the misconduct includes dishonesty, misrepresentation, deceit, or fraud on the part of the respondent; or
(G) the misconduct constitutes the commission of a felony under applicable law.
(3) Recommendation of Minor Misconduct. If a grievance committee finds the respondent guilty of minor misconduct or if the respondent admits guilt of minor misconduct and the committee concurs, the grievance committee will file its report recommending an admonishment, the manner of administration, the taxing of costs, and an assessment or administrative fee in the amount of $1,250 against the respondent. The report recommending an admonishment will be forwarded to staff counsel and the designated reviewer for review. If staff counsel does not return the report to the grievance committee to remedy a defect in the report, or if the report is not referred to the disciplinary review committee by the designated reviewer as provided elsewhere in these rules, the report will then be served on the respondent by bar counsel. The report and finding of minor misconduct becomes final unless rejected by the respondent within 30 days after service of the report. If rejected by the respondent, bar counsel will prepare a formal complaint as in a finding of probable cause. If the report of minor misconduct is not rejected by the respondent, notice of the finding of minor misconduct will be given, in writing, to the complainant.
(4) Rejection of Minor Misconduct Reports. The board of governors’ rejection of a grievance committee report of minor misconduct, without dismissal of the case or remand to the grievance committee, is deemed a finding of probable cause. The respondent’s rejection is deemed a finding of probable cause. At trial before a referee following a respondent’s rejection of a report of minor misconduct, the referee may recommend any discipline authorized under these rules.
(5) Admission of Minor Misconduct. A respondent may tender a written admission of minor misconduct to bar counsel or to the grievance committee within 30 days after service of a notice of a finding of probable cause by a grievance committee or the board of governors. An admission of minor misconduct may be conditioned on acceptance by the grievance committee or the board of governors, but the respondent may not condition the admission of minor misconduct on the method of administration of the admonishment or on nonpayment of costs incurred in the proceedings. An admission may be tendered after a finding of probable cause (but before the filing of a complaint) only if an admission has not been previously tendered. If the admission is tendered after a finding of probable cause, the grievance committee or board of governors may consider the admission without further evidentiary hearing and may either reject the admission, affirming its prior action, or accept the admission, in which case, the report of minor misconduct will be issued by the grievance committee. If a respondent’s admission is accepted by the grievance committee or board of governors, the respondent may not later reject a report of the committee recommending an admonishment for minor misconduct. If the admission of minor misconduct is rejected, the admission may not be considered or used against the respondent in subsequent proceedings.
(2) supervision of all or part of the respondent’s work by a member of The Florida Bar;
(3) required reporting to a designated agency;
(4) satisfactory completion of a course of study or a paper on legal ethics approved by the Supreme Court of Florida;
(5) supervision over fees and trust accounts as the court directs; or
(6) restrictions on the ability to advertise legal services, either in type of advertisement or a general prohibition for a stated period of time, in cases in which rules regulating advertising have been violated or the legal representation in which the misconduct occurred was obtained by advertising.
(d) Public Reprimand. A public reprimand will be administered in the manner prescribed in the judgment but all reprimands will be reported in the Southern Reporter. The bar will provide due notice to the respondent of any proceeding set to administer the reprimand. The respondent must appear personally before the Supreme Court of Florida, the board of governors, any judge designated to administer the reprimand, or the referee, if required, and this appearance will be made a part of the record of the proceeding.
(e) Suspension. The respondent may be suspended from the practice of law for a period of time to be determined by the conditions imposed by the judgment or order or until further order of the court. During this suspension, the respondent continues to be a member of The Florida Bar but without the privilege of practicing. A suspension of 90 days or less does not require proof of rehabilitation or passage of the Florida bar examination, and the respondent will become eligible for all privileges of members of The Florida Bar on the expiration of the period of suspension. A suspension of more than 90 days requires proof of rehabilitation and may require passage of all or part of the Florida bar examination and the respondent will not become eligible for all privileges of members of The Florida Bar until the court enters an order reinstating the respondent to membership in The Florida Bar. No suspension will be ordered for a specific period of time more than 3 years.
An order or opinion imposing a suspension of 90 days or less will include a provision that prohibits the respondent from accepting new business from the date of the order or opinion until the end of the term of the suspension and will provide that the suspension is effective 30 days from the date of the order or opinion so that the respondent may close out the practice of law and protect the interests of existing clients, unless the court orders otherwise.
An order or opinion imposing a suspension of more than 90 days will include a provision that prohibits the respondent from accepting new business from the date of the order or opinion until the date of the court’s order of reinstatement and will provide that the suspension is effective 30 days from the date of the order or opinion so that the respondent may close out the practice of law and protect the interests of existing clients, unless the court orders otherwise.
(f) Disbarment. A judgment of disbarment terminates the respondent’s status as a member of the bar. Permanent disbarment precludes readmission. A former member who has not been permanently disbarred may only be admitted again on full compliance with the rules and regulations governing admission to the bar. Except as otherwise provided in these rules, no application for readmission may be tendered within 5 years after the date of disbarment or a longer period ordered by the court in the disbarment order or at any time after that date until all court-ordered restitution and outstanding disciplinary costs have been paid.
Disbarment is the presumed sanction for lawyers found guilty of theft from a lawyer’s trust account or special trust funds received or disbursed by a lawyer as guardian, personal representative, receiver, or trustee. A respondent found guilty of theft will have the opportunity to offer competent, substantial evidence to rebut the presumption that disbarment is appropriate.
Unless waived or modified by the court on motion of the respondent, an order or opinion imposing disbarment will include a provision that prohibits the respondent from accepting new business from the date of the order or opinion and will provide that the disbarment is effective 30 days from the date of the order or opinion so that the respondent may close out the practice of law and protect the interests of existing clients.
(g) Disciplinary Revocation. A disciplinary revocation is tantamount to a disbarment. A respondent may petition for disciplinary revocation in lieu of defending against allegations of disciplinary violations. If accepted by the Supreme Court of Florida, a disciplinary revocation terminates the respondent’s status as a member of the bar. A former bar member whose disciplinary revocation has been accepted may only be admitted again upon full compliance with the rules and regulations governing admission to the bar. Like disbarment, disciplinary revocation terminates the respondent’s license and privilege to practice law and requires readmission to practice under the Rules of the Supreme Court Relating to Admissions to the Bar. No application for readmission may be tendered until the later of 5 years after the date of the order of the Supreme Court of Florida granting the petition for disciplinary revocation, or another period of time in excess of 5 years contained in that order.
(h) Notice to Clients. Unless the court orders otherwise, when the respondent is served with an order of disbarment, disbarment on consent, disciplinary revocation, suspension, emergency suspension, emergency probation, or placement on the inactive list for incapacity not related to misconduct, the respondent must immediately furnish a copy of the order to all:
(2) opposing counsel or co-counsel in the matters listed in (1), above;
(3) courts, tribunals, or adjudicative agencies before which the respondent is counsel of record; and
(4) state, federal, or administrative bars of which respondent is a member.
(i) Forfeiture of Fees. An order of the Supreme Court of Florida or a report of minor misconduct adjudicating a respondent guilty of entering into, charging, or collecting a fee prohibited by the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar may order the respondent to forfeit all or any part of the fee. In the case of a clearly excessive fee, the excessive amount of the fee may be ordered returned to the client, and a fee otherwise prohibited by the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar may be ordered forfeited to The Florida Bar Clients’ Security Fund and disbursed in accordance with its rules and regulations.
(j) Restitution. In addition to any of the foregoing disciplinary sanctions and any disciplinary sanctions authorized elsewhere in these rules, the respondent may be ordered or agree to pay restitution to a complainant or other person if the disciplinary order finds that the respondent has received a clearly excessive, illegal, or prohibited fee, or that the respondent has converted trust funds or property. The amount of restitution will be specifically set forth in the disciplinary order or agreement. Restitution for an excessive fee will not exceed the amount by which that fee is clearly excessive. Restitution for a prohibited or illegal fee will not exceed the amount of the fee. Restitution for a conversion will not exceed the amount of the conversion established in disciplinary proceedings. The disciplinary order or agreement must state to whom restitution must be made and the date by which it must be completed. Failure to comply with the order or agreement will cause the respondent to become a delinquent member and will not preclude further proceedings under these rules. The respondent must provide the bar with telephone numbers and current addresses of all individuals or entities to whom the respondent is ordered to pay restitution.
RULE 3-5.2 | EMERGENCY SUSPENSION AND INTERIM PROBATION OR INTERIM PLACEMENT ON THE INACTIVE LIST FOR INCAPACITY NOT RELATED TO MISCONDUCT
(2) Discipline by Foreign Jurisdiction. The Supreme Court of Florida may issue an order suspending the lawyer on an emergency basis under this chapter on petition of The Florida Bar, authorized by its president, president-elect, or executive director and supported by a certified copy of an order of a foreign disciplinary jurisdiction suspending or disbarring a lawyer from the practice of law.
(3) Formal Complaint, Answer, and Defenses. A petition for emergency suspension also constitutes a formal complaint. The respondent has 20 days after docketing by the Supreme Court of Florida of its order granting the bar’s petition for emergency suspension in which to file an answer and any affirmative defenses to the bar’s petition.
(4) Appointment of Referee. The Supreme Court of Florida will promptly appoint or direct the appointment of a referee on entry of an order of suspension.
(5) New Cases and Existing Clients. Any emergency suspension order issued under this subdivision immediately precludes the lawyer from accepting any new cases and, unless otherwise ordered, permits the lawyer to continue to represent existing clients for only the first 30 days after issuance of an emergency order. Any fees paid to the suspended lawyer during the 30-day period must be deposited in a trust account from which withdrawals may be made only in accordance with restrictions imposed by the court.
(6) Motions for Dissolution. The lawyer may move at any time to dissolve or amend an emergency order by motion filed with the Supreme Court of Florida, unless the bar has demonstrated, through a hearing or trial, the likelihood of prevailing on the merits on any of the underlying violations of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. The lawyer must serve a copy of the motion on bar counsel. The motion will not stay any other proceedings or applicable time limitations in the case and will immediately be assigned to a referee designated by the chief justice, unless the motion fails to state good cause or is procedurally barred as an invalid successive motion. The filing of the motion will not stay the operation of an emergency suspension order entered under this subdivision.
(7) Successive Motions Prohibited. The Supreme Court of Florida will summarily dismiss any successive motions for dissolution that raise issues that were, or with due diligence could have been, raised in a prior motion.
(8) Hearing on Petition to Terminate or Modify Suspension. The referee will hear a motion to terminate or modify a suspension imposed under this subdivision within 7 days of assignment and submit a report and recommendation to the Supreme Court of Florida in an electronic format approved by the supreme court within 7 days of the hearing date. The referee will recommend dissolution or amendment, whichever is appropriate, if the bar cannot demonstrate a likelihood of prevailing on the merits on at least 1 of the underlying violations of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar that establishes the respondent is causing great public harm.
(9) Review by the Supreme Court of Florida. The Supreme Court of Florida will review and act on the referee’s findings and recommendations on receipt of the referee’s report on the motion for dissolution or amendment. Briefing schedules following the petition for review are as set forth in subchapter 3-7 of these rules.
(10) Hearings on Issues Raised in Petitions for Emergency Suspension and Sanctions. Once the Supreme Court of Florida has granted a petition for emergency suspension under this subdivision, the referee appointed by the court will hear the matter in the same manner as provided in rule 3-7.6, except that the referee will hear the matter after the lawyer charged has answered the charges in the petition for emergency suspension or when the time has expired for filing an answer. The referee will issue a final report and recommendation in an electronic format approved by the supreme court within 90 days of appointment. If the time limit specified in this subdivision is not met, that portion of an emergency suspension order will be automatically dissolved, except on order of the Supreme Court of Florida, provided that any other appropriate disciplinary action on the underlying conduct still may be taken.
(2) Formal Complaint, Answer, and Defenses. The petition also constitutes the formal complaint. The respondent has 20 days after docketing by the Supreme Court of Florida of its order granting the bar’s petition for interim probation in which to file an answer and any affirmative defenses to the bar’s petition.
(3) Appointment of Referee. The Supreme Court of Florida will promptly appoint or direct the appointment of a referee on entry of an order of interim probation.
(4) New Cases and Existing Clients. Any order placing a lawyer on the inactive list for incapacity not related to misconduct under this subdivision immediately precludes the lawyer from accepting any new cases and, unless otherwise ordered, permits the lawyer to continue to represent existing clients for only the first 30 days after issuance of the order. Any fees paid to the lawyer during the 30-day period must be deposited in a trust account from which withdrawals may be made only in accordance with restrictions imposed by the court. An order placing the lawyer on interim probation under this subdivision may preclude the lawyer from accepting new cases either immediately or during a time specified in the order and may require that the lawyer deposit any fees paid to the lawyer during a specified time period in a trust account from which withdrawals may be made only in accordance with restrictions imposed by the order.
(5) Hearings on Issues Raised in Petitions for Interim Probation. Once the Supreme Court of Florida has granted a petition for interim probation under this rule, the referee appointed by the court will hear the matter in the same manner as provided in rule 3-7.6, except that the referee will hear the matter after the lawyer charged has answered the charges in the petition for interim probation or when the time has expired for filing an answer. The referee will issue a final report and recommendation in an electronic format approved by the supreme court within 90 days of appointment. If the time limit specified in this subdivision is not met, that portion of an emergency order imposing an interim probation will be automatically dissolved, except on order of the Supreme Court of Florida, provided that any other appropriate disciplinary action on the underlying conduct still may be taken.
(6) Review by the Supreme Court of Florida. The Supreme Court of Florida will review and act on the referee’s findings and recommendations regarding interim probations on receipt of the referee’s report. Briefing schedules following the petition for review are as set forth in subchapter 3-7 of these rules.
(2) Appointment of Referee. The Supreme Court of Florida will promptly appoint or direct the appointment of a referee on determination that funds have been misappropriated from a lawyer’s trust account as provided above.
(3) Referee’s Authorization and Claims to Trust Funds. The court’s order appointing a referee under this rule may authorize the referee to determine entitlement to funds in the frozen trust account. Any client or third party claiming entitlement to funds in the frozen trust account must file a petition requesting release of frozen trust account funds with the referee appointed in the case, accompanied by proof of entitlement to the funds.
(4) Notice by Bar. The bar will provide information to the appointed referee from bar audits and other existing information regarding persons claiming entitlement to frozen trust account funds. The bar will notify persons known to bar staff in writing via regular first class mail of their possible interest in funds contained in the frozen trust account. The notices will include a copy of the form of a petition requesting release of frozen trust account funds to be filed with the referee and instructions for completing the form. The bar will publish in the local county or city newspaper published where the lawyer practiced before suspension a notice informing the public that the lawyer’s trust account has been frozen and those persons with claims on the funds should contact listed bar counsel within 30 days after publication whenever possible.
(5) Appointment and Payment of Receiver. The referee may appoint a receiver to determine the persons rightfully entitled to the frozen trust account funds if there are no responses to the notices mailed and published by the bar within 90 days from the date of the notice or if the amount in the frozen trust account is over $100,000. The receiver will be paid from the corpus of the trust funds unless the referee orders otherwise.
(6) Summary Proceedings. The referee will unfreeze trust account funds if the amount in the frozen trust account is $5,000 or less and no persons with potential entitlement to frozen trust account funds respond to the bar’s mailed or published notices within 90 days from the date of the notice.
(7) Referee Review of Frozen Trust Account Petitions. The referee determines when and how to pay the claim of any person entitled to funds in the frozen trust account after reviewing the bar’s audit report, the lawyer’s trust account records, the petitions filed, or the receiver’s recommendations. The referee may hold a hearing if the bar’s audit report or other reliable evidence shows that funds have been stolen or misappropriated from the lawyer’s trust account. Subchapter 3-7 will not apply to a referee hearing under this rule. No pleadings may be filed other than petitions requesting release of frozen trust account funds. The parties to this referee proceeding are those persons filing a petition requesting release of frozen trust account funds. The bar is not a party to the proceeding. The referee’s order is the final order in the matter unless one of the parties petitions for review of the referee’s order to the Supreme Court of Florida. The sole issue before the referee is determination of entitlement to the frozen trust account funds. The referee determines the percentage of monies missing from the respondent’s trust account and the amounts owing to those petitioners requesting release of frozen trust account funds. The referee will order a pro rata distribution if there are insufficient funds in the account to pay all claims in full.
(8) Separate Funds in Frozen Trust Accounts. The referee will order return of any separate funds to their rightful owner(s) in full on the filing of a petition requesting release of frozen trust account funds with proof of entitlement to the funds. Separate funds are monies deposited into the respondent’s trust account after the misappropriation, which are not affected by the misappropriation, and funds that have been placed in a separate segregated individual trust account under the individual client’s tax identification number.
(9) Review by Supreme Court of Florida. The referee’s final order is subject only to direct petition for review by a party claiming entitlement to the frozen trust account funds. The petition for review must be filed within 60 days of the referee’s final order. Briefing schedules after the petition for review is filed are set forth in subchapter 3-7 of these rules.
(e) Waiver of Time Limits. The respondent may, at any time, waive the time requirements set forth in this rule by written request made to and approved by the referee assigned to hear the matter.
RULE 3-5.3 | DIVERSION OF DISCIPLINARY CASES TO PRACTICE AND PROFESSIONALISM ENHANCEMENT PROGRAMS
(b) Types of Disciplinary Cases Eligible for Diversion. Disciplinary cases that otherwise would be disposed of by a finding of minor misconduct or by a finding of no probable cause with a letter of advice are eligible for diversion to practice and professionalism enhancement programs.
(c) Limitation on Diversion. A respondent who has been the subject of a prior diversion is not eligible for diversion for the same type of rule violation for a period of 5 years after the earlier diversion. A respondent who has been the subject of a prior diversion and then is alleged to have violated a completely different type of rule at least 1 year after the initial diversion will be eligible for a practice and professionalism enhancement program.
(d) Approval of Diversion of Cases at Staff or Grievance Committee Level Investigations. The bar will not offer a respondent the opportunity to divert a disciplinary case that is pending at staff or grievance committee level investigations to a practice and professionalism enhancement program unless staff counsel, the grievance committee chair, and the designated reviewer concur.
(e) Contents of Diversion Recommendation. If a diversion recommendation is approved as provided in subdivision (d), the recommendation must state the practice and professionalism enhancement program(s) to which the respondent will be diverted, the general purpose for the diversion, and the costs to be paid by the respondent.
(f) Service of Recommendation on and Review by Respondent. If a diversion recommendation is approved as provided in subdivision (d), the bar must serve the recommendation on the respondent who may accept or reject a diversion recommendation in the same manner as provided for review of recommendations of minor misconduct. The respondent does not have the right to reject any specific requirement of a practice and professionalism enhancement program.
(g) Effect of Rejection of Recommendation by Respondent. If a respondent rejects a diversion recommendation the matter will be returned for further proceedings under these rules.
(h) Diversion Before Formal Complaint is Filed. The procedures for approval of consent judgments provided elsewhere in these rules apply to diversion before the filing of a formal complaint.
(i) Diversion at Trial Level.
(2) After Submission of Evidence. A referee may recommend diversion of a disciplinary case to a practice and professionalism enhancement program if, after submission of evidence, but before a finding of guilt, the referee determines that, if proven, the conduct alleged to have been committed by the respondent is not more serious than minor misconduct.
(3) Costs of Practice and Professionalism Enhancement Program. A referee’s recommendation of diversion to a practice and professionalism enhancement program must state the costs to be paid by the respondent.
(4) Appeal of Diversion Recommendation. The respondent and the bar have the right to appeal a referee’s recommendation of diversion, except for a diversion agreed to under subdivision (i)(1).
(5) Authority of Referee to Refer a Matter to a Practice and Professionalism Enhancement Program. Nothing in this rule precludes a referee from referring a disciplinary matter to a practice and professionalism enhancement program as a part of a disciplinary sanction.
(k) Effect of Completion of the Practice and Professionalism Enhancement Program. The bar’s file will remain closed if a respondent successfully completes all requirements of the practice and professionalism enhancement program(s) to which the respondent is diverted.
(l) Effect of Failure to Complete the Practice and Professionalism Enhancement Program. The bar may reopen its disciplinary file and conduct further proceedings under these rules if a respondent fails to complete all requirements of the practice and professionalism enhancements program(s) to which the respondent is diverted, including payment of associated costs. Failure to complete the practice and professionalism enhancement program is an aggravating factor when imposing a disciplinary sanction.
(m) Costs of Practice and Professionalism Enhancement Programs. The Florida Bar will annually determine the costs of practice and professionalism enhancement programs and publish the amount of the costs to be assessed against and paid by a respondent.
Comments
RULE 3-5.4 | PUBLICATION OF DISCIPLINE
(b) Disclosure on Inquiry. All public disciplinary sanctions will be disclosed on inquiry.
(c) Manner of Publication. Unless otherwise directed by the court, and subject to the exceptions set forth below, all public disciplinary sanctions may be published for public information in print or electronic media.
(d) Limited Exception for Admonishments Issued by the Supreme Court of Florida. All admonishments issued by the court containing the heading “Not to be Published” will not be published in the official court reporter and will not be published in The Florida Bar News.
“Not to be Published” does not have the same meaning as “confidential.” The Florida Bar may post information regarding specific orders of admonishment on the bar’s website. Further, The Florida Bar may provide information regarding an admonishment on inquiry.
Comments
The public policy of this state is to provide reasonable means of access to public information. In furtherance of this policy, this rule is enacted so that all persons may understand what public information concerning lawyer disciplinary sanctions is available and in what format. This rule does not alter current court procedure or other requirements.
Admonishments are issued for minor misconduct and are the lowest form of disciplinary sanction. An admonishment is often issued for technical rule violations or for rule violations that did not result in harm. The court’s orders imposing admonishments contain the heading “Not to be Published” and this rule directs that those admonishments not be published in Southern Reporter and directs The Florida Bar not to publish those admonishments in its newspaper, The Florida Bar News. The court does so in order to maintain a tangible difference between the sanctions of admonishment and public reprimand.
This rule does not bar disclosure of admonishments in response to an inquiry, whether written, oral, or electronic, and does not bar publication of admonishments on any website of The Florida Bar.
3-6 | Employment of Certain Attorneys or Former Attorneys
RULE 3-6.1 | EMPLOYMENT OF CERTAIN ATTORNEYS OR FORMER ATTORNEYS - GENERALLY
(2) “individuals subject to this rule” includes lawyers who are on the inactive list due to incapacity or who are suspended or have been disbarred by a court or other authorized disciplinary agency of this or another jurisdiction;
(3) the term “disbarred” includes disciplinary resignation and revocation, permanent retirement in lieu of discipline, or their substantial equivalents; and
(4) An individual subject to this rule is considered employed by an entity providing legal services if the individual is a salaried or hourly employee, volunteer worker, or an independent contractor, or is engaged to provide services to the client arising from or related to the client’s legal representation at the recommendation of the entity or any of its members or employees.
(c) Notice of Employment Required. The lawyer or entity employing any individual who will be subject to this rule must provide The Florida Bar with a notice of employment and a detailed description of the intended services to be provided by the individual subject to this rule before employment starts.
(d) Prohibited Conduct.
(2) Trust Funds or Property. Individuals subject to this rule must not receive, disburse, or otherwise handle trust funds or property as defined in chapter 5 of these rules. Individuals subject to this rule must not act as fiduciaries for any funds or property of their clients or former clients, their employers’ clients or former clients, or the clients or former clients of any entity in which an employer is a beneficial owner.
(3) Practice of Law. Individuals subject to this rule must not engage in conduct that constitutes the practice of law and must not hold themselves out as being eligible to do so.
(f) Supervising Lawyer. An individual subject to this rule must be supervised by a member of The Florida Bar in good standing and eligible to practice law in Florida who is employed full-time by the entity that employs the individual subject to this rule and is actively engaged in the supervision of the individual subject to this rule in all aspects of the individual’s employment.
Comments
3-7 | Procedures
RULE 3-7.1 | PROCEDURES - CONFIDENTIALITY
Unless otherwise ordered by this court or the referee in proceedings under these rules, nothing in these rules prohibits the complainant, respondent, or any witness from disclosing the existence of proceedings under these rules, or from disclosing any documents or correspondence served on or provided to those persons except where disclosure is prohibited in chapter 4 of these rules or by statutes and caselaw regarding attorney-client privilege.
(2) Minor Misconduct Cases. Any case that has been concluded by a finding of minor misconduct is public information.
(3) Probable Cause Cases. Any disciplinary case that has a finding of probable cause for further disciplinary proceedings is public information. Cases in which a formal complaint has been filed under rule 3-3.2(b) without a finding of probable cause are public on filing the complaint.
(4) No Probable Cause Cases. Any disciplinary case that has been concluded by a finding of no probable cause for further disciplinary proceedings is public information.
(5) Diversion or Referral to Grievance Mediation and Fee Arbitration Program. Any disciplinary case that has been concluded by diversion to a practice and professionalism enhancement program or by referral to the grievance mediation and fee arbitration program is public information.
(6) Contempt Cases. Contempt proceedings authorized elsewhere in these rules are public information even if the underlying disciplinary matter is confidential as defined in these rules.
(7) Incapacity Not Involving Misconduct. Proceedings for placement on the inactive list for incapacity not involving misconduct are public information on the filing of the petition with the Supreme Court of Florida.
(8) Petition for Emergency Suspension or Probation. Proceedings seeking a petition for emergency suspension or probation are public information.
(9) Proceedings on Determination or Adjudication of Guilt of Criminal Misconduct. Proceedings on determination or adjudication of guilt of criminal misconduct, as provided elsewhere in these rules, are public information.
(10) Professional Misconduct in Foreign Jurisdiction. Proceedings based on disciplinary sanctions entered by a foreign court or other authorized disciplinary agency, as provided elsewhere in these rules, are public information.
(11) Reinstatement Proceedings. Reinstatement proceedings, as provided elsewhere in these rules, are public information.
(12) Disciplinary Resignations and Disciplinary Revocations. Proceedings involving petitions for disciplinary resignation or for disciplinary revocation as provided elsewhere in these rules, are public information.
(c) Circuit Court Proceedings. Proceedings under rule 3-3.5 are public information.
(d) Limitations on Disclosure. Any material provided to The Florida Bar that is confidential under applicable law will remain confidential and will not be disclosed except as authorized by the applicable law. If this type of material is made a part of the public record, that portion of the public record may be sealed by the grievance committee chair, the referee, or the Supreme Court of Florida.
The procedure for maintaining the required confidentiality is set forth in subdivision (m) below.
(e) Response to Inquiry. Authorized representatives of The Florida Bar will respond to specific inquiries concerning matters that are in the public domain, but otherwise confidential under the rules, by acknowledging the status of the proceedings.
(f) Notice to Law Firms. When a disciplinary file is opened the respondent must disclose to the respondent’s current law firm and, if different, the respondent’s law firm at the time of the act or acts giving rise to the complaint, that a disciplinary file has been opened. Disclosure must be in writing and in the following form:
A complaint of unethical conduct against me has been filed with The Florida Bar. The nature of the allegations are ___________________. This notice is provided under rule 3-7.1(f) of the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar.The notice must be provided within 15 days of notice that a disciplinary file has been opened and a copy of the above notice must be served on The Florida Bar.
(g) Production of Disciplinary Records Pursuant to Subpoena. The Florida Bar, under a valid subpoena issued by a regulatory agency, may provide any documents that are a portion of the public record, even if the disciplinary proceeding is confidential under these rules. The Florida Bar may charge a reasonable fee for identification of and photocopying the documents.
(h) Notice to Judges. Any judge of a court of record, on inquiry of the judge, will be advised and, absent an inquiry, may be advised as to the status of a confidential disciplinary case and may be provided with a copy of documents in the file that would be part of the public record if the case was not confidential. The judge must maintain the records’ confidentiality and not otherwise disclose the status of the case.
(i) Evidence of Crime. The confidential nature of these proceedings does not preclude the giving of any information or testimony to authorities authorized to investigate alleged criminal activity.
(j) Chemical Dependency and Psychological Treatment. That a lawyer, judge, or justice has voluntarily sought, received, or accepted treatment for chemical dependency or psychological problems is confidential and will not be admitted as evidence in disciplinary proceedings under these rules unless agreed to by the lawyer, judge, or justice who sought, received, or accepted the treatment.
For purposes of this subdivision, a lawyer, judge, or justice is deemed to have voluntarily sought, received, or accepted treatment for chemical dependency or psychological problems if the lawyer, judge, or justice was not under compulsion of law or rule to do so, or if the treatment is not a part of conditional admission to The Florida Bar or of a disciplinary sanction imposed under these rules.
It is the purpose of this subdivision to encourage lawyers, judges, and justices to voluntarily seek advice, counsel, and treatment available to lawyers, judges, and justices, without fear that the fact it is sought or rendered will be admitted as evidence in disciplinary proceedings under these rules.
(k) Response to False or Misleading Statements. If public statements that are false or misleading are made about any otherwise confidential disciplinary case, The Florida Bar may disclose all information necessary to correct such false or misleading statements.
(l) Disclosure by Waiver of Respondent. On written waiver executed by a respondent, The Florida Bar may disclose the status of otherwise confidential disciplinary proceedings and provide copies of the public record to:
(2) Florida judicial nominating commissions or the comparable body in other jurisdictions for the purpose of evaluating the character and fitness of a candidate for judicial office; or
(3) The Florida Bar Board of Legal Specialization and Education and any of its certification committees for the purpose of evaluating the character and fitness of a candidate for board certification or recertification; or
(4) the governor of the State of Florida for the purpose of evaluating the character and fitness of a nominee to judicial office.
RULE 3-7.2 | PROCEDURES ON CRIMINAL OR PROFESSIONAL MISCONDUCT; DISCIPLINE ON DETERMINATION OR JUDGMENT OF GUILT OF CRIMINAL MISCONDUCT; DISCIPLINE ON REMOVAL FROM JUDICIAL OFFICE
(2) Determination of Guilt. For the purposes of these rules, “determination of guilt” includes those cases in which the trial court in the criminal proceeding enters an order withholding adjudication of the respondent’s guilt of the offense(s) charged, those cases in which the convicted lawyer has entered a plea of guilty to criminal charges, those cases in which the convicted lawyer has entered a no contest plea to criminal charges, those cases in which the jury has rendered a verdict of guilty of criminal charges, and those cases in which the trial judge in a bench trial has rendered a verdict of guilty of criminal charges.
(3) Convicted Lawyer. For the purposes of these rules, “convicted lawyer” means a lawyer who has had either a determination or judgment of guilt entered by the trial court in the criminal proceeding.
(c) Notice of Institution of Felony Criminal Charges. Any member of The Florida Bar who is the subject of a felony criminal charge must notify the executive director of The Florida Bar of the charges within 10 days of the filing of the indictment or information and include a copy of the indictment or information.
If the state attorney whose office is assigned to a felony criminal case is aware that the defendant is a member of The Florida Bar, the state attorney must provide a copy of the indictment or information to the executive director.
(d) Notice of Determination or Judgment of Guilt of Felony Charges.
(2) Clerk of Court. The clerk of that court must provide a certified copy of the determination or judgment of guilt of a felony offense to the executive director within 10 days of its entry.
(3) State Attorney. The state attorney whose office is assigned that case must provide a copy of the documents evidencing the determination or judgment of guilt of a felony offense to the executive director if the state attorney is aware that the defendant is a member of The Florida Bar.
(f) Suspension by Judgment of Guilt (Felonies). The Florida Bar will file a “Notice of Determination or Judgment of Guilt” or a consent judgment for disbarment or disciplinary revocation in the Supreme Court of Florida on receiving notice that a member of the bar has been determined to be or adjudicated guilty of a felony. A copy of the document(s) on which the determination or judgment is based must be attached to the notice. The respondent is suspended as a member of The Florida Bar as defined in rule 3-5.1(e) on filing of the notice with the Supreme Court of Florida and service of the notice on the respondent.
(g) Petition to Modify or Terminate Suspension. The respondent may file a petition with the Supreme Court of Florida to modify or terminate suspension at any time after the filing of a notice of determination or judgment of guilt. The respondent must serve a copy of the petition on the executive director. The suspension imposed under the authority of this rule will not be stayed by filing a petition to modify or terminate suspension.
(h) Appointment of Referee. The Supreme Court of Florida will promptly appoint or direct the appointment of a referee on the entry of an order of suspension as provided above.
(2) Hearing on Sanctions. The referee may also hear argument concerning the appropriate sanction to be imposed and file a report and recommendation with the supreme court in the same manner and form as provided in rule 3-7.6(m) of these rules. The hearing must be held and a report and recommendation filed with the supreme court within 90 days of assignment as referee.
The respondent may challenge the imposition of a sanction only on the grounds of mistaken identity or whether the conduct involved constitutes a felony under applicable law. The respondent may present relevant character evidence and relevant matters of mitigation regarding the proper sanction to be imposed. The respondent cannot contest the findings of guilt in the criminal proceedings. A respondent who entered a plea in the criminal proceedings is allowed to explain the circumstances concerning the entry of the plea for purposes of mitigation.
The report and recommendations of the referee may be reviewed in the same manner as provided in rule 3-7.7 of these rules.
(j) Expunction. The Supreme Court of Florida may expunge a sanction entered under this rule when a final disposition of the criminal cause has resulted in acquittal or dismissal on motion of the respondent. A respondent who is the subject of a sanction that is expunged under this rule may lawfully deny or fail to acknowledge the sanction, except when the respondent is a candidate for election or appointment to judicial office, or as otherwise required by law.
(k) Waiver of Time Limits. The respondent may waive the time requirements set forth in this rule by written request made to and approved by the referee or supreme court.
(l) Professional Misconduct in Foreign Jurisdiction.
(2) Effect of Adjudication or Discipline by a Foreign Jurisdiction. The Supreme Court of Florida may issue an order suspending the member who is the subject of the final adjudication on an emergency basis petition of The Florida Bar attaching a copy of the final adjudication by a foreign court or disciplinary authority. All of the conditions not in conflict with this rule applicable to issuance of emergency suspension orders elsewhere within these Rules Regulating The Florida Bar are applicable to orders entered under this rule.
(2) Filing of Formal Complaint. The Florida Bar may file a formal complaint with the Supreme Court of Florida and seek appropriate discipline on receipt of an order removing a member from judicial office for judicial misconduct.
(3) Admissibility of Order; Conclusive Proof of Facts. The order of removal is admissible in proceedings under these rules and is conclusive proof of the facts on which the judicial misconduct was found by the Supreme Court of Florida.
(4) Determination of Lawyer Misconduct. The issue of whether the facts establishing the judicial misconduct also support a finding of lawyer misconduct are determined by the referee based on the record of the proceedings.
RULE 3-7.3 | REVIEW OF INQUIRIES, COMPLAINT PROCESSING, AND INITIAL INVESTIGATORY PROCEDURES
(b) Complaint Processing and Bar Counsel Investigation. Bar counsel will open a disciplinary file if bar counsel determines further investigation is warranted. Bar counsel must investigate the allegations contained in any written complaint that is signed under oath as provided in this rule. Bar counsel may open a disciplinary file and investigate when bar counsel possesses information that indicates a bar member may have violated any Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. Bar counsel may obtain subpoenas for witness attendance and the production of documentary evidence in accordance with Rule 3-7.11.
(c) Form for Complaints. All complaints must be in writing and signed under penalty of perjury, except those initiated by The Florida Bar. Complaints may be signed electronically and submitted to the bar electronically. The complaint must contain a statement providing:
Under penalty of perjury, I declare the foregoing facts are true, correct, and complete.(d) Dismissal of Disciplinary Cases. Bar counsel may dismiss disciplinary cases if bar counsel determines, after complete investigation, that the facts show the respondent did not violate the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. Dismissal by bar counsel does not preclude further action or review under the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. Bar counsel may dismiss a case with or without a letter of advice with the concurrence of the grievance committee chair as described elsewhere in these Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. Bar counsel must notify the complainant of the dismissal and reasons for dismissal.
(e) Diversion to Practice and Professionalism Enhancement Programs. Bar counsel may recommend diversion of disciplinary cases as provided elsewhere in these rules if, after complete investigation, bar counsel determines that the facts show the respondent’s conduct did not constitute disciplinary violations more severe than minor misconduct.
(f) Referral to Grievance Committees. Bar counsel may refer disciplinary cases to a grievance committee for its further investigation or action as authorized elsewhere in these rules. Bar counsel may recommend specific action on a case referred to a grievance committee.
(g) Information Concerning Closed Inquiries and Complaints Dismissed by Staff. Bar counsel’s closure of an inquiry or complaint is deemed a finding of no probable cause for further disciplinary proceedings and becomes public in accordance with this subchapter.
RULE 3-7.4 | GRIEVANCE COMMITTEE PROCEDURES
(b) Complaint Filed With Grievance Committee. A grievance committee that receives a complaint directly from a complainant must report it to the appropriate bar counsel for docketing and assignment of a case number, unless the committee resolves the complaint within 10 days after receipt of the complaint. A written report to bar counsel must include the following information: complainant’s name and address, respondent’s name, date complaint received by committee, copy of complaint letter or summary of the oral complaint made, and the name of the committee member assigned to the investigation. Formal investigation by a grievance committee may proceed after the matter has been referred to bar counsel for docketing.
(c) Investigation. A grievance committee is required to consider all charges of misconduct forwarded to the committee by bar counsel, whether based on a written complaint or not. The grievance committee may issue subpoenas in accordance with Rule 3-7.11.
(d) Conduct of Proceedings. The proceedings of grievance committees may be informal in nature and the committees are not bound by the rules of evidence.
(e) No Delay for Civil or Criminal Proceedings. An investigation may not be deferred or suspended without the approval of the appropriate designated reviewer, even though the respondent is a party to civil litigation or is a defendant or is acquitted in a criminal action, even if the proceedings involve the subject matter of the investigation.
(f) Counsel and Investigators. Staff counsel may appoint a bar counsel or an investigator to assist the grievance committee in an investigation, at the committee’s request. Bar counsel will assist each grievance committee in carrying out its investigative and administrative duties and will prepare status reports for the committee, notify complainants and respondents of committee actions as appropriate, and prepare all reports reflecting committee findings of probable cause, no probable cause, recommended discipline for minor misconduct, and letters of advice after no probable cause findings.
(g) Quorum, Panels, and Vote.
(2) Panels. The grievance committee may be divided into panels of not fewer than 3 members, at least 2/3 of whom must be lawyers. The grievance committee may be divided into panels only on concurrence of the designated reviewer and the chair of the grievance committee. The panel will elect 1 of its lawyer members to preside over the panel’s actions. If the chair or vice-chair is a member of a panel, the chair or vice-chair is the presiding officer.
(3) Vote. All findings of probable cause and recommendations of guilt of minor misconduct must be made by affirmative vote of a majority of the committee members present, which majority must number at least 2 members. There is no required minimum number of lawyer members voting in order to satisfy the requirements of this rule. The number of committee members voting for or against the committee report must be recorded. Minority reports may be filed. A lawyer grievance committee member may not vote on the disposition of any matter in which that member served as the investigating member of the committee.
(i) Rights of the Complaining Witness. The complaining witness is not a party to the disciplinary proceeding. The complainant has the right to be present at any grievance committee hearing when the respondent is present before the committee, unless found impractical by the chair of the grievance committee for unreasonable delay or other good cause. The bar’s investigation will be completed, regardless of whether the complaining witness is uncooperative, delays, or notifies the bar of settlement or compromise with the respondent or that the respondent has made restitution. The complaining witness has no right to appeal.
(j) Finding of No Probable Cause.
(2) Notice of Committee Action. Bar counsel must notify the respondent and complainant of the action of the committee.
(3) Effect of No Probable Cause Finding. A finding of no probable cause by a grievance committee does not preclude the reopening of the case and further proceedings.
(4) Disposition of Committee Files. The committee will forward its file to bar counsel for disposition under established bar policy.
(l) Preparation, Forwarding, and Review of Grievance Committee Complaints. If a grievance committee or the board of governors finds probable cause, the bar counsel assigned to the committee must promptly prepare a record of its investigation and a formal complaint. The record before the committee consists of all reports, correspondence, papers, or recordings provided to or received from the respondent, and the transcript of grievance committee meetings or hearings, if the proceedings were attended by a court reporter. The committee may retire into executive session to debate the issues involved and decide the action to be taken. The formal complaint must be approved by the member of the committee who presided in the proceeding. The board prescribes the form of formal complaints. If the presiding member of the grievance committee disagrees with the form of the complaint, the presiding member may direct bar counsel to make changes. If bar counsel does not agree with the changes, the matter is referred to the designated reviewer of the committee for appropriate action. When a formal complaint by a grievance committee is not referred to the designated reviewer or is not returned to the grievance committee for further action, the formal complaint must be promptly forwarded to and reviewed by staff counsel. Staff counsel must file the formal complaint and provide a copy to the respondent. Staff counsel must request the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Florida to assign a referee or to order the chief judge of the appropriate circuit to assign a referee to try the case. A copy of the record will be made available to the respondent at the respondent’s expense.
If, at any time before the filing of a formal complaint, bar counsel, staff counsel, and the designated reviewer all agree that appropriate reasons indicate that the formal complaint should not be filed, the case may be returned to the grievance committee for further action.
(m) Recommendation of Admonishment for Minor Misconduct. If the committee recommends an admonishment for minor misconduct, bar counsel drafts the grievance committee report, and the presiding member signs it. The committee report need only include:
(2) the committee’s recommendation as to the method of administration of the admonishment;
(3) a summary of any additional charges that will be dismissed if the admonishment is approved;
(4) any comment on mitigating, aggravating, or evidentiary matters the committee believes will be helpful to the board in passing on the admonishment recommendation; and
(5) an admission of minor misconduct signed by the respondent, if the respondent has admitted guilt to minor misconduct.
(n) Rejection of Admonishment. The order of admonishment becomes final unless rejected by the respondent within 30 days after service on the respondent. If rejected by the respondent, bar counsel will prepare a formal complaint as in a finding of probable cause.
(o) Recommendation of Diversion to Remedial Programs. A grievance committee may recommend, as an alternative to issuing a finding of minor misconduct or no probable cause with a letter of advice, diversion of the disciplinary case to a practice and professionalism enhancement program as provided elsewhere in these rules. A respondent may reject the diversion recommendation in the same manner as provided in the rules applicable to rejection of findings of minor misconduct. In the event that a respondent rejects a recommendation of diversion, the matter is returned to the committee for further proceedings.
RULE 3-7.5 | PROCEDURES BEFORE THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS
(2) Referrals to Disciplinary Review Committee and Board of Governors. If the designated reviewer refers the matter to the disciplinary review committee, bar counsel prepares and submits a discipline agenda item for consideration by the committee. Bar counsel must give notice to respondent and complainant that the designated reviewer has made the referral for review.
(3) Nature of Disciplinary Review Committee and Board of Governors Review. The Florida Bar is a party in disciplinary proceedings and has no authority to adjudicate rights in those proceedings. Any review on referral from a designated reviewer is consultation on pending litigation and is not subject to intervention by persons outside the relationship between the bar and its counsel.
(4) Effect of Failure to Timely Make the Request for Reconsideration or Referral for Review. If the designated reviewer fails to make the request for reconsideration or referral within the time prescribed, the grievance committee action becomes final.
(5) Authority of Designated Reviewer to Make Recommendations. When the designated reviewer makes a request for reconsideration or referral for review, the designated reviewer may recommend:
(B) referral of the matter to the fee arbitration program;
(C) closure of the disciplinary file by diversion to a component of the practice and professionalism enhancement program;
(D) closure of the disciplinary file by the entry of a finding of no probable cause;
(E) closure of the disciplinary file by the entry of a finding of no probable cause with a letter of advice;
(F) a finding of minor misconduct; or
(G) a finding of probable cause that further disciplinary proceedings are warranted.
(2) referral of the matter to the fee arbitration program;
(3) closure of the disciplinary file by diversion to a component of the practice and professionalism enhancement program;
(4) closure of the disciplinary file by the entry of a finding of no probable cause;
(5) closure of the disciplinary file by the entry of a finding of no probable cause with a letter of advice;
(6) a finding of minor misconduct; or
(7) a finding of probable cause that further disciplinary proceedings are warranted.
(2) referral of the matter to the fee arbitration program;
(3) closure of the disciplinary file by diversion to a component of the practice and professionalism enhancement program;
(4) closure of the disciplinary file by the entry of a finding of no probable cause;
(5) closure of the disciplinary file by the entry of a finding of no probable cause with a letter of advice;
(6) a finding of minor misconduct; or
(7) a finding of probable cause that further disciplinary proceedings are warranted.
(e) Finding of No Probable Cause. A finding of no probable cause by the board is final and no further proceedings may be conducted in the matter by The Florida Bar unless a reason arises at a later time to re-open the file.
(f) Control of Proceedings. Bar counsel, however appointed, is subject to the direction of the board at all times. The board, in the exercise of its discretion as the governing body of The Florida Bar, has the power to terminate disciplinary proceedings before a referee prior to the receipt of evidence by the referee, whether these proceedings have been instituted on a finding of probable cause by the board or a grievance committee.
(g) Filing Service on Board of Governors. All matters to be filed with or served on the board must be addressed to the board of governors and filed with the executive director.
(h) Custodian of Bar Records. The executive director or his designees are the custodians of the official records of The Florida Bar.
RULE 3-7.6 | PROCEDURES BEFORE A REFEREE
(2) Minimum Qualifications. To be eligible for appointment as a referee under this rule, the judge must have previously served as a judicial referee in proceedings instituted under these rules before February 1, 2010, at 12:01 a.m., or must have received the referee training materials approved by the Supreme Court of Florida and certified to the chief judge that the training materials have been reviewed.
(c) Pretrial Conference. The referee must conduct a pretrial conference within 60 days of the order assigning the case to the referee. The purpose of the conference is to set a schedule for the proceedings, including discovery deadlines and a final hearing date. The referee must enter a written order in the proceedings reflecting the schedule determined at the conference.
(d) Venue. The trial must be held in the county in which an alleged offense occurred or in the county where the respondent resides or practices law or last practiced law in Florida, whichever is designated by the Supreme Court of Florida; provided, however, that if the respondent is not a resident of Florida and if the alleged offense is not committed in Florida, the trial will be held in a county designated by the chief justice.
(e) Style of Proceedings. All proceedings instituted by The Florida Bar must be styled “The Florida Bar, Complainant, v. …..(name of respondent)….., Respondent,” and “In The Supreme Court of Florida (Before a Referee).”
(f) Nature of Proceedings.
(2) Discovery. Discovery is available to the parties in accordance with the Florida Rules of Civil Procedure.
(3) Mediation. Civil mediation is not available to parties. The parties may be referred to grievance mediation under chapter 14 as permitted by these rules and the grievance mediation policies adopted under these rules.
(h) Pleadings. Pleadings may be informal and must comply with the following.
(B) Content. The complaint must set forth the particular act or acts of conduct for which the respondent is sought to be disciplined.
(C) Joinder of Charges and Respondents; Severance. A complaint may embrace any number of charges against 1 or more respondents, and charges may be against any 1 or any number of respondents; but a severance may be granted by the referee when the ends of justice require it.
(3) Reply. The bar may reply to the respondent’s answer within 10 days of service on bar counsel if the respondent’s answer contains any new issue or affirmative defense. Failure to reply to the respondent’s answer does not prejudice the bar. All affirmative allegations in the respondent’s answer are considered denied by the bar.
(4) Disposition of Motions. Hearings on motions may be deferred until the final hearing, and, whenever heard, rulings on any motions may be reserved until termination of the final hearing.
(5) Filing and Service of Pleadings.
(B) After Appointment of Referee. All pleadings, motions, notices, and orders filed after appointment of a referee must be filed with the referee in an electronic format approved by the supreme court and must include a certificate of service showing service of a copy on the bar’s staff counsel and bar counsel and on all interested parties to the proceedings.
(C) Subpoenas for witnesses’ attendance and production of documentary evidence before a referee must be issued by the referee and must be served either in the manner provided by law for the service of process or by an investigator employed by the bar.
(7) Expediting the Trial. The referee may, in the referee’s discretion, shorten the time for filing pleadings and the notice requirements as provided in this rule if the referee determines that the proceeding should be expedited to serve the public interest.
(8) Disqualification of Referee. A referee may be disqualified from service in the same manner and to the same extent that a trial judge may be disqualified under existing law from acting in a judicial capacity. In the event of a disqualification, the chief judge of the appropriate circuit will appoint a successor referee from that same circuit.
(j) The Respondent. The bar may call the respondent as a witness to make specific and complete disclosure of all matters material to the issues unless the respondent claims a privilege or right properly available under applicable federal or state law. The respondent may be cited for contempt of the court if subpoenaed to give testimony or produce documents and refuses to give testimony or produce documents or, having been duly sworn to testify, refuses to answer any proper question.
(k) Complaining Witness. The complaining witness is not a party to the disciplinary proceeding and has no rights other than those of any other witness. The referee may grant the complaining witness the right to be present at any hearing when the respondent is also present after the complaining witness has testified during the case in chief, unless the complaining witness’ presence is found to be impractical due to unreasonable delay or other good cause. A complaining witness may be called on to testify and produce evidence as any other witness. The bar may proceed with trial regardless of a complaining witness’ lack of cooperation or any settlement, compromise, or restitution between the respondent and complaining witness. The complaining witness has no right to appeal.
(l) Parol Evidence. Evidence, other than that contained in a written lawyer-client contract, may not be used in proceedings conducted under the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar to vary the terms of that contract, except other competent evidence may be used only if necessary to resolve issues of excessive fees or excessive costs.
(m) Referee’s Report.
(2) Contents of Report. The referee’s report must include:
(B) recommendations whether the respondent should be found guilty of misconduct justifying disciplinary measures;
(C) recommendations on the disciplinary measures to be applied;
(D) the respondent’s disciplinary history on record with the bar’s executive director or that otherwise becomes known to the referee through evidence properly admitted by the referee during the course of the proceedings (after a finding of guilt, all evidence of prior disciplinary measures may be offered by bar counsel subject to appropriate objection or explanation by respondent); and
(E) a statement of costs incurred and recommendations as to the manner in which those costs should be taxed.
(2) Contents. The record includes all items properly filed in the cause, including pleadings; recorded testimony, if transcribed; exhibits in evidence; and the report of the referee.
(3) Preparation and Filing. The referee, with the assistance of bar counsel, prepares the record, certifies that the record is complete, serves a copy of the index of the record on the respondent and The Florida Bar, and files the record with the office of the clerk of the Supreme Court of Florida in an electronic format approved by the supreme court.
(4) Supplementing or Removing Items from the Record. The respondent and The Florida Bar may seek to supplement the record or have items removed from the record by filing a motion with the referee within 15 days of the service of the index. Denial of a motion to supplement the record or to remove an item from the record may be reviewed in the same manner as provided for in the rule on appellate review under these rules.
(2) After Filing of Complaint. The respondent may enter a written guilty plea after a complaint has been filed in writing with the referee to whom the cause has been assigned for trial. The referee may take testimony on the guilty plea, then must enter a report as otherwise provided.
(3) Unconditional. An unconditional plea of guilty shall not preclude review as to disciplinary measures imposed.
(4) Procedure. All guilty plea procedures are as elsewhere provided in these rules, except if they conflict with this rule.
(2) When the bar is requested to reproduce documents that are voluminous or is requested to produce transcripts in the bar’s possession, the bar may decline to reproduce the documents in the bar’s offices and must inform the requesting person of the following options:
(B) purchase of the documents from the third party from whom the bar received them; or
(C) designation of a commercial photocopy service to which the bar will deliver the original documents to be copied, at the requesting party’s expense, if the photocopy service agrees to preserve and return the original documents and not release them to any person without the bar’s consent.
(B) court reporters’ fees;
(C) copy costs;
(D) telephone charges;
(E) fees for translation services;
(F) witness expenses, including travel and out-of-pocket expenses;
(G) travel and out-of-pocket expenses of the referee;
(H) travel and out-of-pocket expenses of counsel in the proceedings, including of the respondent if acting as counsel; and
(I) an administrative fee in the amount of $1250 when costs are assessed in favor of the bar.
(3) Assessment of Bar Costs. The referee may assess the bar’s costs against the respondent when the bar is successful in whole or in part, unless the respondent shows that the costs of the bar were unnecessary, excessive, or improperly authenticated.
(4) Assessment of Respondent’s Costs. The referee may assess the respondent’s costs against the bar if the bar is unsuccessful in prosecuting a matter and the bar raised no justiciable issue of either law or fact.
(5) Time for Filing Motion to Assess Costs. A party must file a statement of costs incurred in a referee proceeding and a request for payment of same within 15 days after written notice by the referee that the report of referee has been completed or at the time that a guilty plea for consent judgment is filed. The party from whom costs are sought may file an objection within 10 days from the date the motion was filed. Failure to timely file a motion without good cause waives of the right to request reimbursement of costs or to object to a request for reimbursement of costs. This subdivision does not require the filing of a motion to assess costs before the referee when doing so is not appropriate.
Court Comments
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RULE 3-7.7 | PROCEDURES BEFORE SUPREME COURT OF FLORIDA
(2) The Supreme Court of Florida shall review all reports and judgments of referees recommending probation, public reprimand, suspension, disbarment, or resignation pending disciplinary proceedings.
(3) A referee’s report that does not recommend probation, public reprimand, suspension, disbarment, or resignation pending disciplinary proceedings, shall be final if not appealed.
(c) Procedure for Review. Review by the Supreme Court of Florida shall be in accordance with the following procedures:
(2) Record on Review. The report and record filed by the referee shall constitute the record on review. If hearings were held at which testimony was heard, but no transcripts thereof were filed in the matter, the party seeking review shall order preparation of all such transcripts, file the original thereof with the court, and serve copies on the opposing party, on or before the time of filing of the initial brief, as provided elsewhere in this rule. The party seeking review shall be responsible for, and pay directly to the court reporter, the cost of preparation of transcripts. Failure to timely file and serve all of such transcripts may be cause for dismissal of the party’s petition for review.
(3) Briefs. The party first seeking review shall file a brief in support of the notice of intent to seek review within 30 days of the filing of the notice. The opposing party shall file an answer brief within 20 days after the service of the initial brief of the party seeking review, which answer brief shall also support any cross-notice for review. The party originally seeking review may file a reply brief within 20 days after the service of the answer brief. The cross-reply brief, if any, shall be served within 20 days thereafter. Computation of time for filing briefs under this rule shall follow the applicable Florida Rules of Appellate Procedure. The form, length, binding, type, and margin requirements of briefs filed under this rule shall follow the requirements of Fla. R. App. P 9.210.
(4) Oral Argument. Request for oral argument may be filed in any case wherein a party files a notice of intent to seek review at the time of filing the first brief. If no request is filed, the case will be disposed of without oral argument unless the court orders otherwise.
(5) Burden. Upon review, the burden shall be upon the party seeking review to demonstrate that a report of a referee sought to be reviewed is erroneous, unlawful, or unjustified.
(6) Judgment of Supreme Court of Florida.
(B) Form. The judgment of the court shall include, where appropriate, judgment in favor of:
(ii) the person(s) to whom restitution is ordered; or
(iii) the person(s) to whom a fee is ordered to be forfeited.
(e) Extraordinary Writs. All applications for extraordinary writs that are concerned with disciplinary proceedings under these rules of discipline shall be made to the Supreme Court of Florida.
(f) Florida Rules of Appellate Procedure. To the extent necessary to implement this rule and if not inconsistent herewith, the Florida Rules of Appellate Procedure shall be applicable to notices of intent to seek review in disciplinary proceedings, provided service on The Florida Bar shall be accomplished by service on bar counsel and staff counsel.
(g) Contempt by Respondent. Whenever it is alleged that a respondent is in contempt in a disciplinary proceeding, a petition for an order to show cause why the respondent should not be held in contempt and the proceedings on such petition may be filed in and determined by the Supreme Court of Florida or as provided under rule 3-7.11(f).
(h) Pending Disciplinary Cases. If disbarment or disciplinary revocation is ordered by the court, dismissal without prejudice of other pending cases against the respondent may be ordered in the court’s disbarment or disciplinary revocation order.
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RULE 3-7.8 | PROCEDURES BEFORE A CIRCUIT COURT
(b) Copy Served Upon Respondent. Upon the filing of a motion in circuit court to discipline an attorney, a copy thereof shall be served upon the respondent attorney, and the respondent shall, within 20 days after the service thereof, file an answer thereto. A copy of such motion shall be filed with the executive director of The Florida Bar at the time of service upon the respondent.
(c) Trial Before a Circuit Judge. Upon the filing of the answer, the chief judge of the judicial circuit in which the alleged offense occurred shall designate a judge other than the judge who directed the filing of the motion to try said cause. Such judge shall conduct a hearing thereon and shall hear the evidence to be offered by the State of Florida and the respondent. A representative or representatives of The Florida Bar, appointed by the board, shall have the right to be present and to observe the proceedings. Upon the conclusion of the hearing, the judge shall enter such judgment of dismissal, reprimand, probation, suspension, or disbarment as shall be appropriate to the circumstances. The parties shall be entitled to compulsory process to force the attendance of any witnesses.
(d) Judgment Filed in Supreme Court of Florida. If the judgment be one of public reprimand, probation, suspension, or disbarment, 3 certified copies of the same shall be forthwith filed by the clerk of the trial court with the clerk of the Supreme Court of Florida. The clerk of the Supreme Court of Florida shall retain one copy for the court’s records, deliver to the executive director of The Florida Bar one copy of the judgment for The Florida Bar’s official records, and shall forthwith serve the third copy upon the respondent.
(e) Petition for Appellate Review. The respondent may appeal from a judgment entered by a circuit court. Such appeal shall be made in the manner provided by rule 3-7.7.
(f) Duty to Expedite Proceedings. It shall be the duty of the state attorney who is directed to file said motion to file the same promptly and to dispose of said controversy expeditiously.
(g) Readmission or Reinstatement. Readmission or reinstatement of attorneys disbarred or suspended by proceedings in circuit courts shall be governed as elsewhere provided in these rules.
(h) Reporting Misconduct to The Florida Bar. Nothing herein shall be construed to discourage or restrict the right and responsibility of a judge to refer to The Florida Bar the conduct of its members, which in the opinion of the judge, warrants investigation to determine if a violation of the Rules of Professional Conduct has occurred.
RULE 3-7.9 | CONSENT JUDGMENT
(b) After Filing of Formal Complaint. If a respondent states a desire to plead guilty to a formal complaint that has been filed, staff counsel consults established board guidelines for discipline and confers with the designated reviewer. If the designated reviewer rejects the proposed consent judgment, the plea is not filed with the referee. If staff counsel and the designated reviewer approve the proposed consent judgment, bar counsel advises the respondent that staff counsel and the designated reviewer will recommend approval of the respondent’s written plea and the consent judgment is filed with the referee. If the referee accepts the consent judgment, the referee enters a report and files the report with the court as provided elsewhere in these rules. If the referee rejects the consent judgment, the matter proceeds as provided in this chapter.
(c) Approval of Consent Judgments. Acceptance of any proposed consent judgment is conditioned on final approval by the Supreme Court of Florida, and the court’s order will recite the disciplinary charges against the respondent.
(d) Content of Conditional Pleas. All conditional pleas must show clearly by reference or otherwise the disciplinary offenses to which the plea is made. All conditional pleas in which the respondent agrees to the imposition of a suspension or disbarment must include an acknowledgment that, unless waived or modified by the court on motion of the respondent, the court order accepting the conditional plea will contain a provision that prohibits the respondent from accepting new business from the date of the order or opinion and must provide that the suspension or disbarment is effective 30 days from the date of the order or opinion so that the respondent may close out the practice of law and protect the interests of existing clients. A conditional plea may not permit a respondent to begin serving a suspension or disbarment until the Supreme Court of Florida issues an order or opinion approving the recommended discipline.
(e) Disbarment on Consent. A respondent may surrender membership in The Florida Bar in lieu of defending against allegations of disciplinary violations by agreeing to disbarment on consent. Disbarment on consent has the same effect as, and is governed by, the same rules provided for disbarment elsewhere in these rules. Matters involving disbarment on consent are processed in the same manner as set forth in subdivisions (a) through (d) of this rule and elsewhere in these rules, except that a respondent may enter into a disbarment on consent without admitting any of the facts or rule violations alleged by the bar. In that event, the disbarment on consent must set forth a brief recitation of the allegations underlying the disbarment on consent. This option is only available for disbarments on consent and not for any other type of consent judgment.
(f) Effect of Pleas on Certification. In negotiating consent judgments with a respondent or in recommending acceptance, rejection, or offer of a tendered consent judgment, staff counsel and the designated reviewer must consider and express a recommendation on whether the consent judgment will include revocation of certification if held by the lawyer and restrictions to be placed on recertification. When certification revocation is agreed to in a consent judgment, the revocation and any conditions on recertification will be reported to the legal specialization and education director for recording purposes.
RULE 3-7.10 | REINSTATEMENT AND READMISSION PROCEDURES
(b) Petitions; Form and Contents.
(2) Form and Exhibits. The petition must be in the form and accompanied by the exhibits provided for elsewhere in this rule. The information that may be reasonably required to determine the petitioner’s fitness to resume the practice of law may include, but is not limited to:
disciplinary judgments;
copies of income tax returns together with consents to secure original returns;
occupation during suspension and employment related information;
financial statements; and
statement of restitution of funds that were the subject matter of disciplinary proceedings.
(d) Reference of Petition for Hearing. The chief justice will refer the petition for reinstatement to a referee for hearing; provided, however, that no such referral will be made until evidence is submitted showing that all costs assessed against the petitioner in all disciplinary or incapacity proceedings have been paid and restitution has been made.
(e) Bar Counsel. When a petition for reinstatement is filed, the board of governors or staff counsel, if authorized by the board of governors, may appoint bar counsel to represent The Florida Bar in the proceeding. The lawyer’s duty is to appear at the hearings and to prepare and present evidence to the referee.
(f) Referee Hearing Determining Fitness. The referee to whom the petition for reinstatement is referred must conduct the hearing as a trial, in the same manner, to the extent practical, as provided elsewhere in these rules. The referee may not refer the petition to civil or grievance mediation. The referee must decide the petitioner’s fitness to resume the practice of law. In making this determination, the referee will consider whether the petitioner has engaged in any disqualifying conduct, the character and fitness of the petitioner, and whether the petitioner has been rehabilitated, as further described in this subdivision. All conduct engaged in after the date of admission to The Florida Bar is relevant in proceedings under this rule.
(B) academic misconduct;
(C) making or procuring any false or misleading statement or omission of relevant information, including any false or misleading statement or omission on any application requiring a showing of good moral character;
(D) misconduct in employment;
(E) acts involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation;
(F) abuse of legal process;
(G) financial irresponsibility;
(H) neglect of professional obligations;
(I) violation of an order of a court;
(J) evidence of mental or emotional instability;
(K) evidence of drug or alcohol dependency;
(L) denial of admission to the bar in another jurisdiction on character and fitness grounds;
(M) disciplinary action by a lawyer disciplinary agency or other professional disciplinary agency of any jurisdiction;
(N) failure of a felony-suspended lawyer to submit proof that the affected lawyer’s civil rights have been restored;
(O) holding out as if eligible to practice in any manner including, but not limited to, use of terms such as lawyer, attorney, esquire, or counselor at law in any communication including, but not limited to, letterhead, business cards, websites, and social media; and
(P) any other conduct that adversely reflects on the character or fitness of the applicant.
(B) recency of the conduct;
(C) reliability of the information concerning the conduct;
(D) seriousness of the conduct;
(E) factors underlying the conduct;
(F) cumulative effect of the conduct or information;
(G) evidence of rehabilitation;
(H) positive social contributions since the conduct;
(I) candor in the discipline and reinstatement processes; and
(J) materiality of any omissions or misrepresentations.
(B) unimpeachable character and moral standing in the community;
(C) good reputation for professional ability, where applicable;
(D) lack of malice and ill feeling toward those who by duty were compelled to bring about the disciplinary, judicial, administrative, or other proceeding;
(E) personal assurances, supported by corroborating evidence, of a desire and intention to conduct one’s self in an exemplary fashion in the future;
(F) restitution of funds or property, where applicable; and
(G) positive action showing rehabilitation by such things as a person’s community or civic service. Community or civic service is donated service or activity that is performed by someone or a group of people for the benefit of the public or its institutions.
(4) Educational Requirements.
(ii) The petitioner may further demonstrate that the petitioner is current with changes and developments in the law by showing that the petitioner worked as a law clerk or paralegal or taught classes on legal issues during the period of ineligibility to practice.
(2) Appearance. Any persons to whom notice is given, other interested persons, or local bar association may appear before the referee in support of or opposition to the petition at any hearings.
(3) Petitioner’s Failure to Submit to Examination. The referee will dismiss the petition for reinstatement if the petitioner fails to submit to examination as a witness under the notice given, unless good cause is shown for the failure.
(4) Summary Procedure. Bar counsel may, with the approval of the designated reviewer and staff counsel, stipulate to the issue of reinstatement, including conditions for reinstatement if bar counsel is unable to discover any evidence on which denial of reinstatement may be based and if no other person provides any relevant evidence to deny reinstatement after discovery is completed. The stipulation must include a statement of costs as provided elsewhere in these rules.
(5) Evidence of Treatment or Counseling for Dependency or Other Medical Reasons. If the petitioner has sought or received treatment or counseling for chemical or alcohol dependency or for other medical reasons that relate to the petitioner’s fitness to practice law, the petitioner must waive confidentiality of that treatment or counseling to evaluate the petitioner’s fitness. The provisions of rule 3-7.1(d) apply to information or records disclosed under this subdivision.
(i) Review. Review of referee reports in reinstatement proceedings must be in accordance with rule 3-7.7.
(j) Recommendation of Referee and Judgment of the Court. If the petitioner is found unfit to resume the practice of law, the petition will be dismissed. If the petitioner is found fit to resume the practice of law, the referee will enter a report recommending, and the court may enter an order of, reinstatement of the petitioner in The Florida Bar; provided, however, that the reinstatement may be conditioned on the payment of all or part of the costs of the proceeding and on the making of partial or complete restitution to parties harmed by the petitioner’s misconduct that led to the petitioner’s suspension of membership in The Florida Bar or conduct that led to the petitioner’s incapacity. If petitioner’s suspension or incapacity has continued for more than 3 years, the reinstatement may be conditioned on proof of competency as required by the Supreme Court of Florida. Proof may include certification by the Florida Board of Bar Examiners of successful completion of an examination for admission to The Florida Bar after the date of the suspension or incapacity.
(k) Successive Petitions. No person may file a petition for reinstatement within 1 year following an adverse judgment on a petition for reinstatement filed by or on behalf of the same person. In cases of incapacity, no petition for reinstatement may be filed within 6 months after an adverse judgment under this rule.
(l) Petitions for Reinstatement to Membership in Good Standing.
(2) Style of Petition. Petitions must be styled in the Supreme Court of Florida and filed with the Supreme Court of Florida in accordance with the court’s filing requirements, including e-filing requirements where applicable. A copy must be served on staff counsel at the bar’s headquarters address in Tallahassee.
(3) Contents of Petition. The petition must be verified by the petitioner and accompanied by a written authorization to the District Director of the Internal Revenue Service, authorizing the furnishing of certified copies of the petitioner’s tax returns for the past 5 years or since admission to the bar, whichever is greater. The authorization must be furnished on a separate sheet. The petition must have attached as an exhibit a true copy of all disciplinary judgments previously entered against the petitioner. It must also include the petitioner’s statement concerning the following:
(B) the conduct, offense, or misconduct on which the suspension or incapacity was based, together with the date of the suspension or incapacity;
(C) the names and addresses of all complaining witnesses in any disciplinary proceedings that resulted in suspension; and the name and address of the referee or judge who heard these disciplinary proceedings or of the trial judge, complaining witnesses, and prosecuting lawyer, if suspension was based on conviction of a felony or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude;
(D) the nature of the petitioner’s occupation in detail since suspension or incapacity, with names and addresses of all partners, associates in business, and employers, if any, and dates and duration of all these relations and employments;
(E) a statement showing the approximate monthly earnings and other income of the petitioner and the sources from which all earnings and income were derived during this period;
(F) a statement showing all residences maintained during this period, with names and addresses of landlords, if any;
(G) a statement showing all the petitioner’s financial obligations, including, but not limited to, amounts claimed, unpaid, or owing to The Florida Bar Clients’ Security Fund or former clients at the date of filing of the petition, together with the names and addresses of all creditors;
(H) a statement of restitution made for any and all obligations to all former clients and the Florida Bar Clients’ Security Fund and the source and amount of funds used for this purpose;
(I) a statement showing dates, general nature, and ultimate disposition of every matter involving the petitioner’s arrest or prosecution during the period of suspension for any crime, whether felony or misdemeanor, together with the names and addresses of complaining witnesses, prosecuting lawyers, and trial judges;
(J) a statement as to whether any applications were made during the period of suspension for a license requiring proof of good character for its procurement; and, for each application, the date and the name and address of the authority to whom it was addressed, and its disposition;
(K) a statement of any procedure or inquiry, during the period of suspension, covering the petitioner’s standing as a member of any profession or organization, or holder of any license or office, that involved the censure, removal, suspension, revocation of license, or discipline of the petitioner; and, as to each, the dates, facts, and disposition, and the name and address of the authority in possession of these records;
(L) a statement as to whether any fraud charges were made or claimed against the petitioner during the period of suspension, whether formal or informal, together with the dates and names and addresses of persons making these charges;
(M) a concise statement of facts claimed to justify reinstatement to The Florida Bar;
(N) a statement showing the dates, general nature, and final disposition of every civil action in which the petitioner was either a party plaintiff or defendant, together with dates of filing of complaints, titles of courts and causes, and the names and addresses of all parties and of the trial judge or judges, and names and addresses of all witnesses who testified in this action or actions; and
(O) a statement showing what amounts, if any, of the costs assessed against the accused lawyer in the prior disciplinary proceedings against the petitioner have been paid by the petitioner and the source and amount of funds used for this purpose.
(5) Costs Deposit. The petition must be accompanied by a deposit for costs of $500.
(B) court reporters’ fees;
(C) copy costs;
(D) telephone charges;
(E) fees for translation services;
(F) witness expenses, including travel and out-of-pocket expenses;
(G) travel and out-of-pocket expenses of the referee;
(H) travel and out-of-pocket expenses of counsel in the proceedings, including the petitioner if acting as counsel; and
(I) an administrative fee in the amount of $1250 when costs are assessed in favor of the bar.
(3) Assessment of Bar Costs. The costs incurred by the bar in any reinstatement case may be assessed against the petitioner unless it is shown that the costs were unnecessary, excessive, or improperly authenticated.
(4) Assessment of Petitioner’s Costs. The referee may assess the petitioner’s costs against the bar in the event that there was no justiciable issue of either law or fact raised by the bar unless it is shown that the costs were unnecessary, excessive, or improperly authenticated.
(2) Readmission After Disciplinary Resignation or Revocation. A lawyer’s petition for disciplinary resignation or revocation that states that it is without leave to apply for readmission will preclude any readmission. A lawyer who was granted a disciplinary resignation or revocation may not apply for readmission until all conditions of the Supreme Court of Florida’s order granting the disciplinary resignation or revocation have been complied with.
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Court decisions dealing with reinstatements and other discipline provide further guidance as to what specific actions meet the test of community service. The court approved dismissal of a petition for reinstatement where the respondent had no community service and had devoted all her time during suspension to raising her young children. Fla. Bar v. Tauler, 837 So. 2d 413 (Fla. 2003). In a more recent decision, the court did not specifically mention lack of community service in denying reinstatement, but the respondent had shown no evidence of work for others outside his family in his petition. Respondent’s community service consisted solely of taking care of his elderly parents and his small child. Fla. Bar v. Juan Baraque, 43 So. 3d 691 (Fla. 2010).
RULE 3-7.11 | GENERAL RULE OF PROCEDURE
(b) Process. Every member of The Florida Bar must notify The Florida Bar of any change of mailing address, e-mail address (unless the lawyer has been excused by The Florida Bar or the Supreme Court of Florida from e-filing and e-service), and military status. The Florida Bar may serve notice of formal complaints in bar proceedings by certified U.S. Postal Service mail return receipt requested to the bar member’s record bar address unless the Supreme Court of Florida directs other service. Every lawyer of another state who is admitted pro hac vice in a specific case before a court of record in Florida may be served by certified U.S. Postal Service mail return receipt requested addressed to the lawyer in care of the Florida lawyer who was associated or appeared with the lawyer admitted pro hac vice or addressed to the Florida lawyer at any address listed by the lawyer in the pleadings in the case.
Service of process and notices must be directed to counsel whenever a person is represented by counsel.
(c) Notice in Lieu of Process. Every member of The Florida Bar is within the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of Florida and its agencies under these rules, and service of process is not required to obtain jurisdiction over respondents in disciplinary proceedings. The Florida Bar will serve the complaint on the respondent by certified U.S. Postal Service mail return receipt requested to the respondent’s record bar address or a more current address that may be known to the person serving the complaint.
When the respondent is represented by counsel in a referee proceeding, The Florida Bar will serve the formal complaint by certified U.S. Postal Service mail return receipt requested to the record bar address of the respondent’s counsel or a more current address that may be known to the person serving the complaint.
All other correspondence between The Florida Bar and respondents or their counsel, including bar inquiries that require responses during the investigative stage of a disciplinary proceeding, may be made by e-mail to the respondent’s record bar e-mail address or the record bar e-mail address of respondent’s counsel. E-mail correspondence is encouraged in all instances except in service of a formal complaint or subpoena, or where a court directs otherwise. If a lawyer has been excused by The Florida Bar or a court from e-filing and e-service or service cannot be made by e-mail, service by first class U.S. postal service mail is sufficient, except where these rules or a court direct otherwise.
(d) Issuance of Subpoenas. Subpoenas for witnesses’ attendance and the production of documentary evidence, except before a circuit court, must be issued as follows.
(2) Grievance Committees. Subpoenas for witnesses’ attendance and the production of documentary evidence must be issued by the chair or vice-chair of a grievance committee as part of an investigation authorized by the committee. These subpoenas may be served by any member of the grievance committee, by an investigator employed by The Florida Bar, or in the manner provided by law for service of process.
(3) Bar Counsel Investigations. Subpoenas for witnesses’ attendance and the production of documentary evidence before bar counsel in an initial investigation must be issued by the chair or vice-chair of a grievance committee to which the matter will be assigned, if appropriate. These subpoenas may be served by an investigator employed by The Florida Bar or in the manner provided by law for the service of process.
(4) After Grievance Committee Action, But Before Appointment of Referee. Subpoenas for witnesses’ attendance and the production of documentary evidence before bar counsel when conducting further investigation after action by a grievance committee, but before appointment of a referee, must be issued by the chair or vice-chair of the grievance committee to which the matter was assigned. These subpoenas may be served by an investigator employed by The Florida Bar or in the manner provided by law for service of process.
(5) Board of Governors. Subpoenas for witnesses’ and the production of documentary evidence before the board of governors must be issued by the executive director and must be served by an investigator employed by The Florida Bar or in the manner provided by law for service of process.
(6) Confidential Proceedings. If the proceeding is confidential, a subpoena must not name the respondent but must style the proceeding as “Confidential Proceeding by The Florida Bar under the Rules of Discipline.”
(7) Contempt.
(B) Subpoenas for Trust Accounting Records. Members of the bar are under an obligation to maintain trust accounting records as required by these rules and, as a condition of the privilege of practicing law in Florida, may not assert any privilege personal to the lawyer that may be applicable to production of these records in any disciplinary proceedings under these rules.
(ii) The disciplinary agency that issued the subpoena must hear the issue of noncompliance and issue findings on the noncompliance within 30 days of a request for issuance of the notice of noncompliance.
(B) compliance with any subpoena issued pursuant to this subdivision and contempt for failure in this respect must be sought under these rules.
(f) Contempt. When a disciplinary agency, as defined elsewhere in these rules, finds that a person is in contempt under these rules, that person may be cited for contempt in the following manner.
(B) Order to Show Cause; Suspension for Noncompliance with Subpoena for Trust Accounting Records. On review of a petition for contempt and order to show cause, the Supreme Court of Florida may issue an order directing the person to show cause why the person should not be held in contempt and appropriate sanctions imposed.
The Supreme Court of Florida may also issue an order suspending the respondent from the practice of law in Florida until the member fully complies with the subpoena and any further order of the Supreme Court of Florida.
The order of the Supreme Court of Florida must fix a time for a response.
(C) Response to Order to Show Cause.
(ii) Noncompliance with a Subpoena for Trust Account Records. Any member subject to an order to show cause for noncompliance with a subpoena for trust accounting records may request the Supreme Court of Florida:
b. to terminate or modify the order of suspension at any time after the order of suspension is issued. The Supreme Court of Florida may terminate, modify, or withhold entry of an order of suspension if the member establishes good cause for failure to comply with the subpoena for trust account records.
(E) Reply of The Florida Bar. When a timely response to an order to show cause is filed, The Florida Bar will have 10 days, or another time period as the Supreme Court of Florida may order, from the date of filing to file a reply.
(F) Supreme Court of Florida Action. The Supreme Court of Florida will review the matter and issue an appropriate judgment after the time to respond to an order to show cause has expired and no response is timely filed, or after the reply of The Florida Bar has been filed, or the time has expired without any filing. This judgment may include any sanction that a court may impose for contempt and, if the person found in contempt is a member of The Florida Bar, may include any disciplinary sanction authorized under these rules.
If the Supreme Court of Florida requires factual findings, it may direct appointment of a referee as provided in these rules. Proceedings for contempt referred to a referee must be processed in the same manner as disciplinary proceedings under these rules, including, but not limited to, the procedures provided in these rules for conditional guilty pleas for consent judgments. If the Supreme Court of Florida determines it necessary to refer a request to terminate, modify, or withhold entry of an order of suspension based on a petition for contempt and order to show cause for noncompliance with a subpoena for trust account records to a referee for receipt of evidence, the referee proceedings must be expedited and conducted in the same manner as proceedings before a referee on a petition to terminate, modify, or withhold an order of emergency suspension, as provided in these rules.
(G) Preparation and Filing of Report of Referee and Record. The referee must prepare and file a report and the record in cases brought under this rule. The procedures provided for in the rule on procedure before a referee under these rules apply to the preparation, filing, and review of the record.
(H) Appellate Review of Report of Referee. Any party to the contempt proceedings may seek review of the report of referee in the manner provided in these rules for appellate review of disciplinary proceedings.
(B) Response to Petition for Contempt and Order to Show Cause. The respondent will have 10 days from the date of filing of a petition authorized by this subdivision to file a response.
(C) Supreme Court of Florida Action.
(ii) Assignment to Referee. If the Supreme Court of Florida requires factual findings, it may direct appointment of a referee as provided in these rules. Proceedings for contempt referred to a referee must be processed in the same manner as disciplinary proceedings under these rules, including, but not limited to, the provisions provided for conditional guilty pleas for consent judgments.
(h) Disqualification as Trier and Lawyer Due to Conflict.
(B) employees of The Florida Bar; or
(C) former members of a grievance committee, former members of the board of governors, or former employees of The Florida Bar if personally involved to any degree in the matter while a member of a grievance committee or the board of governors, or while an employee of The Florida Bar.
(B) a partner, associate, employer, or employee of a member of a grievance committee or a member of the board of governors; or
(C) a partner, associate, employer, or employee of a former member of a grievance committee or a former member of the board of governors within 1 year of the former member’s service on the grievance committee or board of governors.
RULE 3-7.12 | DISCIPLINARY REVOCATION OF ADMISSION TO THE FLORIDA BAR
(b) Petition for Disciplinary Revocation. A petition for disciplinary revocation must be styled “In re …..(respondent’s name)…..,” titled “Petition for Disciplinary Revocation,” filed with the Supreme Court of Florida in an electronic format approved by the supreme court, and contain a statement of all past and pending disciplinary actions and criminal proceedings against the petitioner. The statement must describe the charges made or those under investigation for professional misconduct, results of past proceedings, and the status of pending investigations and proceedings. The petition must state whether it is with or without leave to apply for readmission to the bar. A copy of the petition must be served upon the executive director of The Florida Bar.
(c) Judgment. The Florida Bar must file with the Supreme Court of Florida its response to the petition either supporting or opposing the petition for disciplinary revocation within 60 days after service of the petition on the bar. The bar’s response must be determined by the bar’s board of governors. The bar must serve a copy of the response on the petitioner. The Supreme Court of Florida will consider the petition, any response, and the charges against the petitioner. The Supreme Court of Florida may enter judgment granting disciplinary revocation if it has been shown by the petitioner in a proper and competent manner that granting the petition will not adversely affect the public interest, the integrity of the courts, the administration of justice, or the confidence of the public in the legal profession. The Supreme Court of Florida otherwise will deny the petition. A judgment granting disciplinary revocation may require that the disciplinary revocation be subject to appropriate conditions including, but not limited to, requiring the petitioner to submit to a full audit of all client trust accounts, execute a financial affidavit attesting to current personal and professional financial circumstances, and maintain a current mailing address with the bar for a period of 5 years after the disciplinary revocation becomes final or another time period.
(d) Effect of Disciplinary Revocation. Disciplinary revocation is tantamount to disbarment and terminates the lawyer’s license and privilege to practice law and requires readmission to practice under the Rules of the Supreme Court Relating to Admissions to the Bar.
(e) Delay of Disciplinary Proceedings. The filing of a petition for disciplinary revocation does not stay the progress of the disciplinary proceedings without the approval of the bar’s board of governors.
(f) Dismissal of Pending Disciplinary Cases. If disciplinary revocation is granted by the Supreme Court of Florida under this rule, the disciplinary revocation serves to dismiss all pending disciplinary cases.
(g) Costs of Pending Disciplinary Cases. The judgment of the court granting disciplinary revocation may impose a judgment for the costs expended by The Florida Bar in all pending disciplinary cases against the respondent. These costs are as authorized elsewhere in these Rules Regulating The Florida Bar. remain subject to the continuing jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of Florida and must meet all requirements for readmission to bar membership. The Florida Bar v. Ross, 732 So.2d 1037, 1041 (Fla. 1998); The Florida Bar v. Hale, 762 So.2d 515, 517 (Fla. 2000).
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RULE 3-7.13 | INCAPACITY NOT RELATED TO MISCONDUCT
(b) Applicable Rules of Procedure. Proceedings under this rule shall be processed under the Rules of Discipline in the same manner as proceedings involving acts of misconduct except that emergency or interim proceedings authorized under rule 3-5.2 shall be processed as stated in that rule.
(c) Reinstatement to Practice. A member who has been classified as inactive under this rule may be reinstated in the same manner as in proceedings for reinstatement after suspension for acts of misconduct.
(d) Proceedings Upon Adjudication of Incapacity or Hospitalization Under the Florida Mental Health Act or Under the Authority of Applicable Law. An attorney who has been adjudicated as incapacitated from the practice of law or is hospitalized under the Florida Mental Health Act or the authority of other applicable law concerning the capability of an attorney to practice law may be classified as an inactive member and shall refrain from the practice of law. Upon receipt of notice that a member has been adjudicated as incapacitated or is hospitalized under the Florida Mental Health Act or the authority of other applicable law concerning the capability of an attorney to practice law, The Florida Bar shall file notice thereof with the Supreme Court of Florida. Thereafter the court shall issue an order classifying the member as an inactive member.
If an order of restoration is entered by a court having jurisdiction or the attorney is discharged from hospitalization under the Florida Mental Health Act or the authority of other applicable law concerning the capability of an attorney to practice law, the attorney may be reinstated in the same manner as in proceedings for reinstatement after suspension for acts of misconduct.
(e) Proceedings Upon Consent to Incapacity. An attorney may consent to incapacity not for misconduct in the same manner as provided in rule 3-7.9 of these Rules Regulating The Florida Bar.
RULE 3-7.14 | FLORIDA STATUTES SUPERSEDED
RULE 3-7.15 | RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE
RULE 3-7.16 | LIMITATION ON TIME TO OPEN INVESTIGATION
(2) Re-opened Investigations. A re-opened disciplinary investigation is not time barred by this rule if the investigation is re-opened within 1 year after the date on which the matter was closed, except that a re-opened investigation based on a deferral made in accordance with bar policy and as authorized elsewhere in these Rules Regulating The Florida Bar is not barred if re-opened within 1 year after actual notice of the conclusion of the civil, criminal, or other proceedings on which the deferral was based.
(3) Deferred Investigations. A disciplinary investigation that began with the opening of a discipline file and bar inquiries to a respondent within the 6-year time period as described in this rule and was then deferred under bar policy and the Rules Regulating The Florida Bar, is not time barred under this rule if a grievance committee finds probable cause and the bar files its formal complaint within 1 year after actual notice of the conclusion of the civil, criminal, or other proceedings on which deferral was based.
(c) Tolling Based on Fraud, Concealment, or Misrepresentation. The limitation of time in which to bring or reopen a complaint within this rule is tolled where it can be shown that fraud, concealment, or intentional misrepresentation of fact prevented the discovery of the matter giving rise to the inquiry or complaint.
(d) Constitutional Officers. Inquiries raised or complaints presented by or to The Florida Bar about the conduct of a constitutional officer who is required to be a member in good standing of The Florida Bar must be commenced within 6 years after the constitutional officer vacates office.
RULE 3-7.17 | VEXATIOUS CONDUCT AND LIMITATION ON FILINGS
(b) Authority of the Court. The Supreme Court of Florida has the sole authority to enter an order under the provisions of this rule.
(c) Procedure.
(2) Order to Show Cause. The court, acting on its own motion, or on the recommendation of the referee or petition of the bar, may enter an order directing an individual to show cause why the court should not enter an order prohibiting continuation of the vexatious conduct and/or imposing limitations on future conduct. A copy of the order will be served on the referee, if one has been appointed, the respondent, and The Florida Bar.
(3) Response to Order to Show Cause. The individual alleged to have engaged in vexatious conduct has 15 days from service of the order to show cause, or such other time as the court may allow, in which to file a response. Failure to file a response in the time provided, without good cause, is deemed a default and the court may, without further proceedings, enter an order prohibiting or limiting future communications or filings as set forth in this rule, or imposing any other sanction(s) that the court is authorized to impose. A copy of any response must be served on a referee, if one has been appointed, the respondent, and The Florida Bar.
(4) Reply. The referee, if one has been appointed, the respondent, and The Florida Bar have 10 days from the filing of a response to an order to show cause entered under this rule in which to file a reply. Failure to file a reply in the time provided without good cause prohibits a reply.
(5) Referral to Referee. The court may refer proceedings under this rule to a referee for taking testimony and receipt of evidence. Proceedings before a referee under this subdivision will be conducted in the same manner as proceedings before a referee as set forth in rule 3-7.6 of these rules.
(2) Denial of Physical Access. The order may deny access to specific physical areas or locations to an individual subject to an order issued under the authority of this rule. The order may also allow the individual(s), entity(ies), or group(s) specified in the order to deny access to those areas or locations.
(3) Prohibition of or Limitation on Filings. The order of the court may include a requirement that an individual subject to an order issued under the authority of this rule may be prohibited from submitting any future filings unless they are submitted solely by a member of The Florida Bar who is eligible to practice law or another person authorized to appear in the proceedings. If a person who is subject to an order issued under this rule is a member of The Florida Bar, that member may be prohibited from co-signing and submitting future filings.
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This concept has also been recognized in bar disciplinary proceedings by the Supreme Court of Florida when the court stated: “Kandekore’s actions create a drain on the Court’s limited time, for with each filing the Court has, as it must, reviewed and considered repetitious and meritless arguments. Therefore, we conclude that a limitation on Kandekore’s ability to file repeated challenges to his long-final sanctions would further the constitutional right of access because it would permit this Court to devote its finite resources to the consideration of legitimate claims filed by others.” The Florida Bar re Kandekore, 932 So. 2d 1005, 1006 (Fla. 2006). Kandekore engaged in vexatious conduct after the court entered an order of disbarment.
The Supreme Court of Florida has also limited the ability of a lawyer to file further pleadings while that lawyer’ s disciplinary case(s) were in active litigation. The Florida Bar v. Thompson, 979 So. 2d 917 (Fla. 2008).
RULE 3-7.18 | DISPOSITION OF INQUIRIES OR COMPLAINTS REFERRED TO THE BAR BY MEMBERS OF THE JUDICIARY
(B) dismissal of a disciplinary case;
(C) finding of no probable cause;
(D) finding of no probable cause with issuance of a letter of advice;
(E) recommendation of diversion; and
(F) recommendation of admonishment for minor misconduct.
(c) Review by Board of Governors. The disciplinary review committee will review all dispositions of judicial referrals first and will recommend a disposition to the board. The board may accept or reject the recommended disposition. If the board rejects the recommended disposition, the board may:
(2) find probable cause, and the case will proceed accordingly; or
(3) recommend a different disposition to the Supreme Court of Florida.
(d) Supreme Court of Florida Review. The Supreme Court of Florida may review the board’s recommendation for approval of dispositions of judicial referrals.
(2) Supreme Court of Florida Actions. The Supreme Court of Florida may take the following actions:
(B) reject the board’s recommendation, which will be deemed a finding of probable cause and direction to the bar to file a formal complaint;
(C) refer the matter back to the board for further review, with or without a recommendation or guidance; or
(D) request that the bar provide additional information.
You'll probably need to reference it during your pursuit of justice.
For instance, you might need to invoke certain RRTFB Rules to protect yourself from judges/lawyers who break the law (see this example of a Florida judge who outright committed perjury).
As always, please get the justice you deserve.
Sincerely,
www.TextBookDiscrimination.com
